This document discusses different types of kinship and family structures. It describes kinship as being defined by consanguinity (descent from the same ancestor) or affinity (relationships through marriage). It then examines kinship through bloodlines, including unilineal, bilateral and double unilineal descent. Kinship through marriage can include monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry. Ritual kinship is also discussed. The document concludes by defining nuclear, extended, single-parent, and step families.
This document discusses different types of kinship and family structures. It describes kinship as being defined by consanguinity (descent from the same ancestor) or affinity (relationships through marriage). It then examines kinship through bloodlines, including unilineal, bilateral and double unilineal descent. Kinship through marriage can include monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry. Ritual kinship is also discussed. The document concludes by defining nuclear, extended, single-parent, and step families.
This document discusses different types of kinship and family structures. It describes kinship as being defined by consanguinity (descent from the same ancestor) or affinity (relationships through marriage). It then examines kinship through bloodlines, including unilineal, bilateral and double unilineal descent. Kinship through marriage can include monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry. Ritual kinship is also discussed. The document concludes by defining nuclear, extended, single-parent, and step families.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS Society is a natural institution developed as a product of human interactions and to meet basic needs; society is a product of a social contract or agreement among members of the society; and that societies progressed from the primitive stage to a more developed one. LESSON 1: KINSHIP, MARRIAGE AND THE HOUSEHOLD Kinship • is defined either by consanguinity or affinity
CONSAGUINITY - the fact of being
descended from the same ancestor
AFFINITY - relationship, especially by
marriage as opposed to blood ties. Kinship • The former refers to the kinship through bloodline while the latter points to the kind of kinship that is formed out of marriage or ritual. Kinship by Blood (Consanguineal) This kinship is based on blood—or birth: the relationship between parents and children as well as siblings, says the Sociology Group. This is the most basic and universal type of kinship. Also known as a primary kinship, it involves people who are directly related. Kinship by Blood
• In a unilineal descent, when a child is born,
he or she is automatically assigned to either his or her mother's or father's group. Kinship by Blood
• In a patrilineal descent, children are
automatically made members of the father's group only. The concrete implication of this practice is the recognition of the male or male offspring as the sustainer of the family lineage. Kinship by Blood
• In a matrilineal descent, children are
automatically made members of the mother's group only. The concrete implication of this practice is the recognition of the female or female offspring as the carrier of the family lineage. Kinship by Blood
• In the double unilineal descent, the child at
birth is assigned to the mother's group or father's group for specific purposes. Kinship by Blood
• Lastly, bilateral descent is used to categorize
children that are made members of all ancestors' groups-of both parents and grandparents, among others. Kinship by Marriage (Affinity) Human kinship relations through marriage are commonly called "affinity" Kinship by Marriage
• Monogamy happens when both married
partners only have one spouse: each other. Kinship by Marriage
• Polygamy, on the one hand, occurs when one
individual has multiple spouses; however, even when it is allowed, not all individuals practice it as there are economic obligations to be met, such as paying dowry and supporting the spouse and children. Kinship by Marriage
• Polygyny, on the other hand, happens when
one man is married to more than one woman simultaneously. Polygyny is often practiced in societies where women outnumber men in the population. Polygyny often occurs in societies with a high incidence of war and violence. Kinship by Marriage
• Polyandry refers to the condition when a
woman is married to more than one man simultaneously. This is often practiced so that there may be enough labor for the household that engages in farming, herding, and trading that are simultaneously done. Kinship by Ritual (Compadrazgo)
The term embraces the words padrinazgo and
compadrazgo. Kinship by Ritual
• The former refers to spiritual parenthood
which emphasizes a vertical relationship (ritual linkage between godparents and godchildren). Kinship by Ritual
• Compadrazgo means ritual co-parenthood, which
stresses a horizontal relationship or ritual ties binding adults. Godparents and natural parents are invited in the ceremony. Kinship by Ritual
• Their purpose is not only to provide their son
or daughter a godfather who has a prestigious career but also establish their link to the politician himself so they can ask any favor from the latter in the guise of their child's need and connection to the godfather. Family and the Household Nuclear family • refers to the "smallest family unit... consisting of one or two parents and offspring, which may include a stepparent, step siblings, and adopted children." Extended family • is when three or more generations form a household. Single-parent families • refer to family units with one parent with one or more children. Single parent families may be the consequence of divorce or separation, births to unmarried mothers, death of a spouse, or desertion. Stepfamilies • are family units where one or both members have children from their previous relationship.