Administrative/planning

Administrative/planning Techniques
Techniques
in
in Education
Education
A B M Ahasan Raqib
Course Teacher
Policy, Strategy and Leadership in Education
 Administrative/planning
Administrative/planning Techniques
Techniques
in
in Education
Education
PPBS (Planning, Programming Budgeting
System)
MIS (Management Information System)
MBO (Management by Objective)
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review
Technique)
Model and Simulation
Organizational Development
 What
What is
is PPBS?
PPBS?
PPBS is a system designed to made choices
about the allocation of resources among a
number of competing or possible programs
and alternatives to accomplish specific
objectives.

The full meaning is:

Planning- Programming- Budgeting System+
Staffing/Supervising/Simulation
 The
The process
process
PPBS can be summarized: Based on the
preplanned thought, a strategy is developed.
Requirements of that strategy are than
estimated and programs are developed to
packages and execute the strategy. Finally, the
costs of approved programs are budgeted in the
sequence shown below-

Thought Strategy Requirement

Programs Budget
 Forerunners
Forerunners of
of PPBS
PPBS
It become known for its use during the Viet
Nam war. The PPBS concept was developed by
Charles J. Hitch.

Mary Thompson (PPBS is total system)

Maureen Heaton
 Main
Main focal
focal Points
Points of
of PPBS
PPBS
A. Emphasized Objectives- PPBS focused more
on the objectives and long-term alternative
means for achieving them.
B. Linked planning and Budgeting- PPBS
brings together planning and budgeting by
means of programming. It installed a process
that essentially defines procedure for
distributing available resources equitably
among the many programs.
 PPBS
PPBS Includes
Includes
Planning-
Identify Current objectives
Developing Criteria
Determining needs
Establishing currents goals
Immediate objectives
Programming (Plan of Action)
How to do, when to do, where to do, who
will do……
 PPBS
PPBS Includes
Includes
Budgeting-
The illustration of the costs for achieving
each identified objective. With this, agencies
can develop the program and financial plan
which provide both output and costs on all of
the agencies program.

Objective Resource
Program Infrastructure
A Staff-Salary
B Land
C Utility cost
 PPBS
PPBS Includes
Includes
Staffing-
For filling positions in the organization
structure through identify work-force
requirements, inventorying the people
available, recruitment, selection, placement,
promotion, appraisal, compensation and
training of needed people.
Simulation
A method for implementing over time. Also,
a technique for testing analysis or training
which real world systems are used, or whether
real-world and conceptual systems are
reproduced by a model.
 PPBS
PPBS in
in Education
Education
In education PPBS works like this-
A group of selected individuals meets discuss
what educational goals should be set by the
school, school district, or state.
Decides, what specific objectives should be
set to accomplish the goals.
An educational program is designed, teachers
are retrained, and the program is used.
Data is collected and assessments are made to
check if the goals are accomplished.
If not, ‘recycling' occurs in which the students
are re-exposed to the program.
Assessing
Assessing PPBS
PPBS in
in Education
Education
Positive
Instruction will be highly prescribed.
Programming toward a particular ideological,
philosophical, political and social point of
view will be chief characteristics of the
system.
Negative
The educational goals and objectives will
probably not reflect what many parents would
choose for their children.
Under PPBS management, the information
input to the student will be limited.
 Sources:
Sources:
mvjgv AvLZvi (1986), cÖkvmwbK
Kjv‡KŠkj I D”Pwk¶v cÖwZôvb,
XvKv: XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq cwÎKv,
†deª“qvwi 1986
Allen Schick (1986), The road to PPB:
The stages of Budget Reform,
Public Administration Review, Issue-
26, 1986