Faculty of Islamic Studies

Ibn Khaldun University Bogor

6# Introduction to Verb
 What’s Verb?

Verb is something to denote an action; it is the

fundamental of building a sentence. (Verb adalah
sesuatu untuk menunjukkan suatu tindakan. Verb
sangat penting atau fundamental untuk membentuk
sebuah kalimat). Dalam bahasa Indonesia dikenal
dengan istilah ‘kata kerja’.

Note:
Verb is lung of sentence
 Kinds of Verb (1)

Verb
A transitive verb takes a an intransitive verb does
direct object (He is not require an object (He
reading book) is walking in the park)

Transitive Intransitive
 Kinds of Verb (2)

Verb
Auxiliary Verb dalam Ordinary Verb dalam
bahasa Indonesia disebut bahasa Indonesia disebut
kata kerja bantu kata kerja utama

Auxiliary Ordinary
 What’s Auxiliary Verb?

Auxiliary verbs, as we have seen are “helping” or

“supporting” verb that add structural meaning or a
semantic coloring to verbs carrying the full burden of
lexical meaning. All auxiliaries share the ability to be
directly followed by not in negatives, often in
contracted for (They have not gone, we shouldn’t
wait), and to be reversed with the subject questions
(Have they gone? Should we wait?)
 Kinds of Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary Verb

Principal Modal Semi-Modal

 1. Principal Auxiliary Verb

Infinitive Present Past Past Future Continuous

tense tense participle

to be am, is, are was, been be being

were

to have have, has had

to do do, does did

 2. Modal Auxiliary

Modal auxiliaries kadang-kadang disebut juga verbs, walaupun

bila berdiri sendiri tidak pernah berfungsi sebagai verb yang
sempurna, kecuali dalam jawaban singkat (short response)
terhadap suatu pertanyaan.

Modal auxiliaries selalu dipergunakan dengan verb lain, gunanya

untuk memodifikasi arti dari verb lain. Modals tidak mempunyai
perubahan bentuk (inflection) sebagaimana do, be dan have. Oleh
karena itu tidak mempunyai bentuk -s atau -es ataupun -ing.
Beberapa diantaranya mempunyai bentuk past tense, seperti
misalnya could kadang kadang past tense dari can, would
kadang-kadang past tense dari will. Tetapi tidak selalu demikian.
Ada 10 macam modal auxiliaries yang sering dipakai, yaitu:
can - could shall - should must (have to)
may - might will - would ought to

1. I can speak English

2. He couldn’t come to class
3. It may rain tomorrow
4. You might go out.
5. Muslim should study harder
6. Salma must see a dentist today
7. Salwa ought to submit the task soon.
8. Would you please close the door?
9. Etc.
 3. Semi-Modal Auxiliary

Ketika digunakan sebagai auxiliaries, need dan dare dapat menyesuaikan

pattern modal. Oleh karena itu ia menjadi bare infinitive.
Contoh: He need not wait me
Akan tetapi bisa juga ditambahkan do/did, sehingga menjadi full infinitive
dengan tambahan to:
Contoh:
1. He doesn’t need to wait
2. They didn’t need to wait

Need dan dare dapat juga berfungsi sebagai ordinary verb, seperti:
3. He doesn’t need a help
4. They dared me to jump
5. I need water
used to (biasanya) hanya digunakan untuk lampau (past)
Contoh:
1. I used to walk alone
2. They used not to go to the cinema