Human

Human Emotions
Emotions in
in Robots
Robots

Presentation
PresentationBy
By
YASH
YASH
What is a Robot?
 The word robot comes from the
Slavic word robota, which means
labor.
 A robot is a mechanical or virtual

agent, usually an electro-

mechanical machine that is guided
by a computer program or
electronic circuitry and ranging
from industrial to humanoids and
even microscopic nano robots. By
mimicking a lifelike appearance or
automating movements, a robot
may convey a sense of intelligence
or thought of its own.
What is Robotics?
 Robotics is the branch of technology
that deals with the design,
construction, operation, and
application of robots, as well as
computer systems for their control,
sensory feedback, and information
processing.
 These technologies deal with

automated machines that can take the

place of humans in dangerous
environments or manufacturing
processes, or resemble humans in
appearance, behavior, and/or
cognition.
 Many of today's robots are inspired by

nature contributing to the field of bio-

inspired robotics.
 Why robots?
 Throughout history, robotics has been often seen
to mimic human behavior, and often manage
tasks in a similar fashion. Today, robotics is a
rapidly growing field, as technological advances
continue, research, design, and building new
robots serve various practical purposes, whether
domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many
 robots do jobs that are hazardous to people such

as defusing bombs, mines and exploring

shipwrecks.
Timeline Of Development
 The concept of creating machines
that can operate autonomously
dates back to classical times, but
research into the functionality and
potential uses of robots did not
grow substantially until the 20th
century.
 The idea of automata was given in

third century B.C. and earlier. It has

achieved rapid growth in 20th
century and it has achieved much
more within beginning of 21st
century.

Details
What are the useful components to make a
robot?
 1. Power Source: At present mostly (lead-
acid) batteries are used as a power source.
Many different types of batteries can be
used as a
power source for robots.
Potential power sources could be:
• pneumatic (compressed gases)
• hydraulics (liquids)
• flywheel energy storage
• organic garbage (through anaerobic
digestion)
• faeces (human, animal); may be
interesting in a military context as faeces of
small combat groups may be reused for
the energy requirements of the robot Power sources used
assistant.
2.Sensors: Sensors allow robots to receive information about a certain
measurement of the environment, or internal
components. This is essential for robots to perform their tasks, and act upon
any changes in the environment to calculate the appropriate response. They
are used for various forms of measurements, to give the robots warnings
about safety or malfunctions, and to provide real time information of the task it
is performing.
 3.Actuators:
 Actuators are like the "muscles" of a robot,
the parts which convert
 stored energy into movement. By far the most
popular actuators are electric motors that
spin a wheel or gear, and linear actuators that
 control industrial robots in factories. But there
are some recent
 advances in alternative types of actuators,
powered by electricity,
 chemicals, or compressed air.
 Most commonly used actuators are- Electric
motors , Linear actuators, series elastic
actuators, Piezo motors, Elastic nanotubes etc.

Actuators in a Robotic leg

 Control of a robot to perform a task

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What are the various types of robots?
 There are several types of robots. Some of the types of modern robots are:
 Mobile robots: Mobile robots have the capability to move around in their
environment and are not fixed to one physical location.
Ex.-i-foot, developed by Toyota.
 Industrial robots: An automatically controlled, reprogrammable,
multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may
be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.
Ex.-HRP-3 PROMET Mk-II, manufactured by Kawada Industries, designed by
Yutaka Izubuchi.
 Modular robots: Modular robots are a new breed of robots that are designed to
increase the utilization of the robots by modularizing the robots.
 Humanoid entertainment robots: Ex: ASIMO, manufactured by Honda;
QRIO, by Sony
 Androids: Androids are robots designed to strongly resemble humans. Ex:
Hanako, a humanoid robot designed for dentist training.
 Animal(four legged) robots: Ex: AIBO is a commercial robotic dog
manufactured by Sony Electronics.
 Rescue robots: Ex: T-53 Enryu, manufactured by TMSUK.
 Guard robots: Ex: Banryu, manufactured by Sanyo and TMSUK.
 Social robots: Ex: PaPeRo; Paro, a robot baby seal intended for therapeutic
purposes
 Mining robots: Mining robots are designed to help counteract a number of
challenges currently facing the mining industry, including skills shortages,
improving productivity from declining ore grades, and achieving
environmental targets.
 Research robots:
 While most robots today are installed in factories or homes, performing labour
or life saving jobs, many new types of robot are being developed in laboratories
around the world.
 Collaborative robots: A collaborative robot or Cobot is a robot that can safely and
effectively interact with human workers in performance of simple industrial
tasks. Ex: Boxter
 Military robots: Military robots include the SWORDS robot which is currently
used in ground-based combat. It can use a variety of weapons and there is some
discussion of giving it some degree of autonomy in battleground situations.
 Rescue robot Various types of robots

AIBO (animal robot)

ASIMO humanoid entertainment robot

 Industrial robot
Mining robot

Social robot
Robot soldiers
What is artificial intelligence?
 Artificial intelligence (AI) is
technology and a branch of
computer science that studies
and develops intelligent
machines and software.
 The field was founded on the

claim that a central ability of

humans, intelligence—the
sapience of Homo sapiens—can
be so precisely described that it
can be simulated by a machine.
What is meant by humanoid robot?
 A humanoid robot is a robot with its body
shape built to resemble that of the human body.
A humanoid design might be for functional
purposes, such as interacting with human tools
and environments, for experimental purposes,
such as the study of bipedal locomotion, or for
other purposes. In general, humanoid robots
have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs,
though some forms of humanoid robots may
model only part of the body, for example, from
the waist up. Some humanoid robots may also
have heads designed to replicate human facial
features such as eyes and mouths. Androids are
humanoid robots built to aesthetically resemble
humans.
 What are the advantages of humanoids over
commonly used robots?
 Though humanoids don't yet have some
features of the human body. They include
structures with variable flexibility, which
provide safety (to the robot itself and to the
people), and redundancy of movements,
i.e. more degrees of freedom and therefore
wide task availability.
 In earlier days, robots were designed to
perform only some laborious , hazardous
works only and those had no such
intelligence. But in case of humanoid
robots, scientists succeeded to implement
artificial intelligence and also some
artificial emotions and they can interact
with human.

Details
How the androids interact with human?

 If robots are to work effectively in homes and other non-

industrial environments, the way they are instructed to
perform their jobs, and especially
 how they will be told to stop will be of critical

importance. The people who interact with them may have

little or no training in robotics, and so any interface will
need to be extremely intuitive. Science fiction authors also
typically assume
 that robots will eventually be capable of communicating

with humans through

 speech, gestures, and facial expressions, rather than a

command-line interface.
 Robots interact with human in
following ways:
1.Touch: Current robotic and prosthetic
hands receive far less tactile information
than the human hand. Recent research
has developed a tactile sensor array
that mimics the mechanical properties
and touch receptors of human
fingertips.
2.Vision: Computer vision is the science
and technology of machines that see. As
a scientific discipline, computer vision
is
concerned with the theory behind
artificial systems that extract
information from images. The image
data can take many forms, such as
video sequences and views from
cameras.
 3.Speech recognition: Though it
becomes harder when the speaker
has a different accent, currently, the
best systems can recognize
continuous, natural speech, up to
160 words per minute, with an
accuracy of 95%.
 4.Robotic voice : For social reasons,
synthetic voice proves suboptimal
as a communication medium,
making it necessary to develop the
emotional component of robotic
voice through various techniques.
 5.Gestures: It is likely that gestures
will make up a part of the
interaction between humans and
robots . A great many systems have
been developed to recognize human
hand gestures.
 6.Facial expression: A robot
should know how to
approach a human, judging
by their facial expression and
body language. Whether the
person is happy, frightened,
or crazy-looking affects the
type of interaction expected
of the robot. Likewise, robots
like Kismet and the more
recent addition, Nexi can
produce a range of facial
expressions, allowing it to
have meaningful social
exchanges with humans.
 7. Artificial emotions:
Artificial emotions can also
be generated, composed of a
sequence of facial
expressions and/or
gestures.
 8.Personality: Researchers

are trying to create robots

which appear to have a
personality , i.e. they use
sounds, facial expressions,
and body language to try to
convey an internal state ,
which may be joy, sadness,
or fear.
 Future of Robotics
 Various techniques have emerged to develop the science of robotics and
robots. One method is evolutionary robotics, in which a number of
differing robots are submitted to tests. Those which perform best are used
as a model to create a subsequent "generation" of robots. Another method is
developmental robotics, which tracks changes and development within a
single robot in the areas of problem-solving and other
functions.Cooperation between robots with different capabilities is one of
aspects which can influence on the future of robotics. In this situation
coordination is an important factor which must be take to account for
making a robust behavior for each robot.
 Projected robotics timeline:
 2015-2020 - every South Korean and many European households will have
a robot, The Ministry of Information and Communication (South Korea),
2007
 2018 - robots will routinely carry out surgery, South Korea government
2007
 2022 - intelligent robots that sense their environment, make decisions, and learn are
used in 30% of households and organizations - TechCast
 2030 - robots capable of performing at human level at most manual jobs

Marshall Brain
 2034 - robots (home automation systems) performing most household tasks,

Helen Greiner, Chairman of iRobot

 2050 - robot "brains" based on computers that execute 100 trillion

instructions per second will start rivaling human intelligence

 Military robots :
 2015 - one third of US fighting strength will be composed of robots - US Department

of Defense, 2006
 2035 - first completely autonomous robot soldiers in operation - US Department of

Defense, 2006
 Developments related to robotics from the Japan NISTEP 2030 report :

 2013-2014 — agricultural robots

 2013-2017 — robots that care for the elderly
 2017 — medical robots performing low-invasive surgery
 2017-2019 — household robots with full use.

 2019-2021 — Nanorobots
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