THE GAS LAWS

Introduction to Gases• Gasesnocan be compressed.

volume = lots of empty
• Gases have a higher kinetic energy because
their particles move a lot more than in a solid or
space
a liquid. • Gases undergo diffusion &
• As the temperature increases, there gas particles effusion (across a barrier with
move faster, and thus kinetic energy increases. small holes).
• Gases expand to fill any container.
random motion
random motion, no attraction
• Gases are fluids (like liquids).
no attraction
• Gases have very low densities.
no volume = lots of empty space
Kinetic Molecular Theory of ‘Ideal’ Gases
• Particles in an ideal gas…
• have no volume.
• have elastic collisions ( ie. billiard ball particles
exchange energy with each other, but total KE is
conserved
• are in constant, random, straight-line motion.
• don’t attract or repel each other.
• have an avg. KE directly related to temperature
( temp = motion = KE)
Atmospheric Pressure
•The gas molecules
in the atmosphere
are pulled toward
Earth due to
gravity, exerting
pressure.
Units of Pressure
• At Standard Atmospheric Pressure (SAP)
• 101.325 kPa (kilopascal)
• 1 atm (atmosphere)
• 760 mm Hg (millimeter Hg)
• 760 torr
• 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch)
Standard Temperature & Pressure
0°C 273 K
1 atm 101.325 kPa
Boyle’s Law
• The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional
(as one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa.
Boyle’s Law
• Boyle’s Law leads to the mathematical expression:
*Assuming temp is constant.
Charles’ Law
• The volume and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are directly
proportional (an increase in temp leads to an increase in volume)
at constant mass & pressure
Charles’ Law
• Charles’ Law leads to the mathematical expression:
*Assuming pressure remains constant
Gay-Lussac’s Law
• The pressure and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are
directly proportional (as temperature rises, so does
pressure)
Gay-Lussac’s Law
• Gay-Lussac’s Law leads to the mathematical expression:
*Assuming volume remains constant
Practice and Application
1. A balloon inflated in a room at 24°C has a volume of
4.00 L. The balloon is then heated to a temperature of 58°C.
What is the new volume if the pressure remains constant?
2. A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 677 mL at
134 kPa. What is the pressure of the sample if the volume is
decreased to 642 mL?
3. The gas in a used aerosol can is at a pressure of 103 kPa
at 25°C. If the can is thrown onto a fire, what will the
pressure be when the temperature reaches 928°C?
Solutions
V1  T2 V1  P1
1. V2 2.. P2 =
T1 V2
= 4.00 L  331 K 677 mL  134 kPa
V2 = P2 =
297 K 642 mL
V2 = 4.46 L P2 = 141 kPa
P1  T2
3. P2 =
T1
103 kPa  1201 K
P2 =
P2 = 415 kPa 298 K
Prepared by:
JONATHAN D. CARAAN
BS ECE