PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE

I / you / we / they + V + …….

Form:
He / She / It + Vs/es + …….

Usage: We use the present simple when we talk about facts and routines

Spelling rules : Pronunciation:

1. We add -s to most verbs: Sound Phonetic Example

play → plays. Stops /stop/
[s] /p/, /k/, /t/, /f/
2. We add -es when a verb ends Laughs /læfs/
with -o, -ch, -s, -sh, -x or -z. /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, Watches / wɑːtʃiz/
3. We remove -y and add -ies [iz]
/tʃ/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/ Washes /wɑːʃiz/
when
/b/, /d/, /g/,
a verb ends with a consonant + y. Plays /pleɪz/
[z] /v/, /ð/, /m/, /n/,
4. We use has instead of have. Bags /bægz/
/ŋ, /l/, /r/,...
 PRESENT SIMPLE: NEGATIVE

Form: I / you / we / they + don’t + V + …….

He / She / It + doesn’t + V + …….

Rules :

1. We use doesn’t after he, she and it to make negative

sentences.
2. We use don’t after I, you, we and they to make negative
sentences.
3. In negative sentences, the main verb never ends with an -s.
 PRESENT SIMPLE: QUESTIONS

Do / Does + S + V + O?
=> Yes, S + do/does
=> No, S + don’t/doesn’t.

RULES
1. We use do and does when we make present simple questions with regular verbs.
2. We don’t add -s to the he, she and it forms of regular verbs in questions.
3. We put question words (Where, What, Who, When, etc.) at the beginning of the
question.
4. We use forms of do in short answers with regular verbs.
 PAST SIMPLE TENSE

To be Regular verb

Affirmative S + was/ were + ...... S + V-ed......

Negative S + was/were not +.... S + did not + Vo.....

Question Was/Were+ S + ......? Did + S + Vo...?
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ đơn
Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ:
– yesterday (hôm qua)
– last night/ last week/ last month/ last year: tối qua/ tuần trước/ tháng trước/ năm
ngoái
– ago: Cách đây. (two hours ago: cách đây 2 giờ/ two weeks ago: cách đây 2 ngày)
– when: khi (trong câu kể).
Have got
 Subject pronouns and object pronouns;
possessive adjectives

Singular noun + ’s + noun

Possessive ’s Plural noun + s’ + noun
 THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE

- Use this/ that to talk about a singular object (one thing).

- Use these/ those to talk about plural objects (more than one thing).
 Question words: Where?, What?, Who?
- Where? = I want to know the place.
- What? = I want to know the thing.
- Who? = I want to know a person.

Conjunctions: and, or, but

- And: is used to add items to a list.
- Or: is used to talk about options.
- But: is used to show contrast.
 Is there/ Are there/ How many…?
- Is there + a/an + singular Noun ?
Þ Yes, there is / no, there isn’t
- Are there + any + plural Noun?
Þ Yes, there are. / no, there aren’t
- How many + plural Noun + are there…..?
Þ There is/ are…..

Definite and zero article

- Definite article (the) + particular thing
- Zero article (⌀) + things in general
 Comparative form of the adjectives

short adjective_er
S + be + more + long adjective + than + ……
irregular adjective

Superlative form of the adjectives

short adjective_est
S + be + the most + long adjective + in/on/of + ……
irregular adjective