How Typhoons

Develop
Angela May M. Pesigan
Grade 8 Philippians
December 2, 2021 (Thursday)
 Weather forecasts usually
influence your activities and
clothing.
How can you know what the
weather will be like?
The study of clouds is a field of
meteorology called nephology.
 Cirrus
Clouds
Thin, feathery clouds,
FAIR WEATHER (few
clouds)
Approaching weather
front (many clouds)
 Cumulus
clouds
Gray at the base and white
on top
FAIR WEATHER
Cirrocumulus
clouds
Most likely to bring
afternoon shower
No clouds
Clear sky
FAIR WEATHER
Stratocumulu
s clouds
Low-lying lumpy clouds
NO RAIN likely within
20-24 hours.
Nimbus
clouds
Dark, heavy clouds
EXPECT RAIN
Before gadgets and equipment came about to forecast weather disturbances with higher
precision, people merely relied on their senses and observed signs from nature. Here are
some examples of signs that rain is on its way:

1. Dark clouds roll across the sky quickly.

Before gadgets and equipment came about to forecast weather disturbances with higher
precision, people merely relied on their senses and observed signs from nature. Here are
some examples of signs that rain is on its way:

2. Ants build steeper anthills.

Before gadgets and equipment came about to forecast weather disturbances with higher
precision, people merely relied on their senses and observed signs from nature. Here are
some examples of signs that rain is on its way:

3. Air smells of compost coming from the

ground
Before gadgets and equipment came about to forecast weather disturbances with higher
precision, people merely relied on their senses and observed signs from nature. Here are
some examples of signs that rain is on its way:

4. Polluted creaks release their stink because of

low air pressure.
Before gadgets and equipment came about to forecast weather disturbances with higher
precision, people merely relied on their senses and observed signs from nature. Here are
some examples of signs that rain is on its way:

5. Hair becomes frizzy due to high humidity.

Before gadgets and equipment came about to forecast weather disturbances with higher
precision, people merely relied on their senses and observed signs from nature. Here are
some examples of signs that rain is on its way:

6. Smoke swirls and does not rise up steadily.

 Weather instruments
meteorologists use to monitor the weather
Data from these instruments are collected daily to help
establish weather patterns that can be used for forecasting.
Anemometer

Measures the speed of the

wind
Wind Vane

Shows the direction of the

wind.
Thermometer

Measure air temperature

Rain Gauge or Precipitation
gauge

Measures amount or level

of rain collected over a
period of time.
Barometer

Measures air pressure

 Typhoon Development
Typhoons develop in stages and need the right combination of conditions to form.
 Steps in Typhoon Development
1. Evaporation of water at ocean surface temperature of 26.5°C or higher.

2. Warm, moist air rises upwards from ocean surface, creating a low pressure
area near the ocean surface.

3. Air from surrounding high pressure area rushes toward the low pressure area.
This air is initially dry and cooler, but near the ocean surface, the air is heated
and carries more water vapor from continuous evaporation.

4. As the warm air rises toward the cooler parts of the upper atmosphere, it cools
off and the water vapor begins to condense to form clouds.

5. More clouds form and wind speed picks up as the Coriolis effect causes the air
to spiral as it rises. As the winds rotate faster, the low pressure area near the
ocean surface becomes a tropical depression, and may eventually turn into a
typhoon.
 Conditions for Typhoon Formation
These conditions are continuous evaporation and water cycles,
differences in air pressure, and convergent winds.
 Continuous Evaporation and Water
Cycles
Heat causes water to evaporate, saturating the clouds and making
them heavy with moisture that will eventually fall back to Earth as rain.
 Differences in Air Pressure
Meteorologists closely monitor barometer readings for drastic changes in air pressure. If
the air pressure drops too low, a strong storm will surely form, with heavy rains and strong
winds. When air temperature increases, usually over the equatorial waters, air molecules
collide with each other and escape to higher altitudes. In this manner, hot air becomes less
compact. As it rises, its molecules collide with cold air coming from the poles, which is
more compact or dense. The cold air is pushed down. As more hot air rises, more cold air
rushes down to fill in the gap of air. This creates a change in air pressure. A low pressure
area begins to form.

Have you ever noticed a change in the smell of the soil, almost like compost just before
rain falls? This is due to a developing low air pressure and escaping gases from Earth’s
surface.
With more water entering the storm
center, differences in air pressure
becomes more distinct. A low pressure
area pulls the air inward, creating a spiral
moving around the center which then
becomes the eye of a typhoon. Clouds
heavy with rain swirl around the eye
forming what is known as the eye wall,
where winds and rains are at their
strongest. No rains occur in the eye of the
storm. While air rises towards the eye wall,
it converges and sinks at the eye, where it
is compressed and warmed. This creates
an almost cloud-free environment with no
rain.
 Evangelista
Torricelli (1608-
1647)
An Italian physicist and mathematician,
invented an instrument for measuring air
pressure called barometer. During his time,
people knew that there was a connection
between air pressure and the weather, but
they did not have a way of measuring air
pressure. Galileo, his mentor, also gave
Torricelli ideas on how to improve his
invention.
 Convergent Winds
The difference between high and low air pressure systems in the atmosphere
creates winds. Accumulation of high speed winds moving toward a particular
area is called convergent winds. These creates an increase in air pressure.

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is an area where the Northern and
Southern Hemispheric winds converge, usually located between 10 degrees
North and South of the equator. The Philippines lies within the ITCZ.
Thank you for listening!