CA715-COA

Module 1:

INTRODUCTION
Number System – Base
Conversion- Binary Codes –
Complements(Binary and Decimal)

Dr. Selvakumar K, NIT Trichy

Number Systems
 A computer number format is the internal
representation of numeric values in digital
computer
 TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM
 Decimal
 Binary
 Octal
 Hexadecimal

Dr. Selvakumar K, NIT Trichy

 Number Systems Used in Computers
Name Radix
of Radix Set of Digits Example

r=10
Decimal {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} 25510

Binary r=2 {0,1} 111111112

Octal r= 8 {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} 3778

Hexadecimal r=16 {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A, B, C, D, E, F} FF16

Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
Binary 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111
3
 Decimal Number Systems
The decimal number system is said to be of base, or radix,
10 because it uses 10 digits and the coefficients are
multiplied by powers of 10.
In general, a number with a decimal point is represented by
a series of coefficients:

Numbers are usually expressed in positional notation

polynomial form

–MSD: most significant digit

– LSD: least significant digit
 Decimal Numbers

In addition to decimal, three other number systems are also

important: Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal
 Binary Numbers
 The binary system is a different number system.
 The coefficients of the binary number system have only two
possible values: 0 and 1.
 Each coefficient aj is multiplied by a power of the radix, e.g., 2j,

– MSB: most significant bit

– LSB: least significant bit
 Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers
• The octal number system: Base-8
• Eight digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

• The hexadecimal number system: Base-16

• Sixteen digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
• For our purposes, base-8 and base-16 are most useful as a
“shorthand” notation for binary numbers
References
 Digital Design by Morris Mano and Michael D
Ciletti