Structural Health Monitoring

System
for
Bridges
COMPUTER ENGINEERING SENIOR PROJECT – Semester 2 , Spring 2011
Ralph Kliza
April 29, 2011
 AGENDA
Background
Project Motive
Project Scope
Design Process
System Architecture and Components
Conclusion
 Background:
I-35W Bridge Collapse,
August 1, 2007
 Background:
NTSB Report Findings
Visual Inspections alone are inadequate
Inspections failed to give attention to gussets
Failure of tracking and documentation of
structural component conditions
Gusset plates not used in computer modeling
Improperly designed gusset plates
 Background:
Texas Bridges
Over 50,000 bridges in Texas, July 2008
Steel Truss same as Minnesota: 6
1,871 bridges rated as “structurally
deficient”, July 2008
$330 million spent on replacing, widening,
rehabilitation and maintenance of Texas
bridges, August 2007 – August 2008.
 Project Motive
Paradigm Shift in Civil Structures
Prevent Catastrophic Structural Failures
Adaptability to Other Civil Structures
Aid in Evaluation / Inspection of
Structurally Deficient Bridges
H.R. 3999 “Highway Bridge Reconstruction
and Inspection Act”, July 2008
 Project Scope:

Hardware
- Strain Gauge Circuit
- Traffic Counter Circuit
- Rechargeable Power System
- Imote2 to PC Interface
Software
- GUI
- Database
- Data Analysis
- PC Interface
 Design Process [4]

Requirements
Analysis

Specifications

System Architecture

Software Design Hardware Design

Interface Design
- Application - Architecture
- Software Drivers
- Operating System - Synthesis
- Hardware Drivers
- compiler - Compiler

Integration
And
Test
 Requirements:
Requirements Gathering
I-35 W Bridge Collapse NTSB Report
International Society of Structural Health
Monitoring, www.ishmii.org
Academic Research / Papers
Senior Project Scope
 Requirements:
User Requirements [2]

Quantify the overall integrity of the structure over a given period of time.

Historical metrics will augment the regular inspection cycle of the

structure.

Quantify the integrity of critical structural elements.

Detect changes in structure geometry after completion and over the life of
the structure, due to repetitive large live loads or dead loads or other
unusual loads.

Monitor the integrity of the structure using nondestructive evaluation

technologies.
System Specifications [1]

data acquisition subsystem

maximum sampling rate 500 Hz to 1–2 kHz
channels 4–8 simultaneously
resolution at least 16 bits

computational core
data storage: 256 KB
program memory: 256 KB
processing capabilities engineering analyses

wireless communication channel

radio band unregulated ISM bands
open-space range over 200 m
Data rate at least 20 kbps
 System Architecture:
Crossbow Imote2
Sensors & DAQ
SENSOR ARRAY

Analog to Digital Conversion

Computational Core INTERFACE
ADC, SPI, UART

Wireless Communication ITS400

BASIC SENSOR BOARD

Data Management / Analysis

User Interface / Software
IPR2400
PROCESSOR / RADIO BOARD
 System Architecture:
Sensors & Data Acquisition
Sensors Onboard (ITS400 Basic Sensor Board)
- Temperature (ITS400)
- Humidity (ITS400)
- Accelerometer (ITS400)
- Light (ITS400)
Additional Sensors
- Signal Conditioner / Strain Gages (Implemented)
- Traffic Counter
- System Power Supply
 System Architecture:
Signal Conditioner
Measuring Circuit Selection Criteria
1. Cost STRAIN GAUGE

2. Portability
3. Reliability SIGNAL CONDITIONER

General Design MEASURING

CIRCUIT
SIGNAL
AMPLIFIER

1. Wheatstone Bridge
2. In-Amp
IMOTE2 IMOTE2
- AD623 & AD8223 POWER INTFC
System Architecture:
AD8223 IN-AMP
 System Architecture:
ADC, Computation & Wireless
- Imote2 Sensor Board (ITS400)
Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ITS400)
- Maxim MAX1363 12 bit / 4 Channel
 System Architecture:
ADC, Computation & Wireless
- Imote2 Processor Radio Board (IPR2400)
Computational Core used for Data Analysis
- Intel Xscale Processor PXA271
- 13 – 416 MHz

Preliminary Data Management

- 256 kB SRAM / 32 MB Flash 32 MB SDRAM

Wireless Communication
- Wireless MMX Coprocessor TI CC2420
- 802.15.4 radio / 2.4 GHz
- 250 kb/s
 System Architecture:
User Interface / Software
Data Management / Analysis
- Imote2 Builder Kit
Visual Studio 2005 - .NET & C#
Several Manufacturer Namespaces
- Serial Dump
- Data Base

GUI / User Interface

- Data Analysis Display
- Network Information
 System Architecture:
Serial Dump
Sensor packet format:
byte field
0 board_id
1 packet_id
2-3 node_id
4-5 count
6-7 accel_x
8-9 accel_y
10-11 accel_z
12-13 temperature1 ; from TI sensor
14-15 temperature2 ; from sensirion sensor
16-17 humidity
18-19 light
20-21 adc0
22-23 adc1
24-25 adc2
26-27 adc3
System Architecture:
Serial Dump
Software Interface:
GUI
Signal Conditioner Test:
Prototype Circuit
 Conclusion:
SPRING 2011
Many Design Considerations
Future Design Considerations
GRADUATION!

QUESTIONS?
 References:
1. Lynch, Jerome Peter, “An overview of wireless
structural health monitoring for civil structures”,
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal A Society,
14 Dec 2006
2. “Collapse of I-35W Highway Bridge, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, August 1, 2007”, Accident Report NTSB
HAR-08/03 PB2008-916203.
3. “Imote2 Hardware Reference Manual”, Rev. A,
September 2007, Crossbow Technology, Inc..
4. Ford, Ralph M., Coulston, Chris S., “Design for
Electrical and Computer Engineers: Theory,
Concepts and Practice”, McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc., New York, NY, 2008.