Treatments

and Prognostic
Factors
TLE 509
HYACINTH F. GALLEGO RIZA B. CONDINO DORINDAH E. DALISAY

Reporters
Medical Treatment
The management and care of
a patient to combat disease or
disorder.
Medical Treatment includes:

Using prescription
All treatment not medications, or use Using wound closing
otherwise excluded of a non-prescription devices
drug

Using any devices Administration of

with rigid stays or oxygen to treat
other systems injury or illness.
 Observation or counseling. Visits to
a physician or other licensed health
Exclusions care professional;
from
definition of Diagnostic procedures. The conduct
Medical of diagnostic procedures;
Treatment
First aid
 First Aid — Excluded from Medical Treatment

Using a non- Administering Cleaning, flushing

Using wound Using hot or cold
prescription tetanus or soaking
coverings  therapy;
medication immunizations  wounds

Using any non- Using temporary Drilling of a Removing foreign

rigid means of immobilization fingernail or Using eye patches; bodies from the
support devices toenail eye

Removing Using finger

Using massages  Drinking fluids
splinters guards
 Curative – to cure a patient
of an illness
THREE
PRINCIPAL
TYPES OF Palliative – to relieve
MEDICAL symptoms from an illness
TREATMENT
Preventative – to avoid the
onset of an illness
 Medical techniques
OTHER
TREATMENTS

Surgical techniques
Some of the Antiviral or Retroviral Medications
Treatment Breathing support
used for
COVID-19 Steroids 

Blood Plasma Transfusions

 A first-of-its-kind international
World Health clinical trial that seeks to rapidly
Organization's identify effective treatments for
Solidarity COVID-19.
Therapeutic
Trial
The trial seeks to compare the
safety and efficacy of different
medications.
 Remdesivir

Antiviral Drugs Hydroxychloroquine

Evaluated by the
Trial
Lopinavir
March 2020

Interferon
Results of 11,330 Adults who underwent Randomization at
405 Hospitals in 30 Countries
2750 were assigned to receive Remdesivir
• 301 Death receiving remdesivir

954 to Hydroxychloroquine
• 104 Death receiving hydroxychloroquine

1411 to Lopinavir (without interferon)

• 148 Death receiving lopinavir

2063 to Interferon (including 651 to interferon plus lopinavir)

• 243 Death receiving interferon

4088 to No Trial Drug

Total Death is 1253

WHO’s Solidarity PLUS Trial
August 11, 2021

ARTESUNATE IMATINIB INFLIXIMAB

• Used for severe • Used for certain • Used for diseases
malaria cancers of the immune
system such as
Crohn’s Disease
and rheumatoid
arthritis.
Prognosis
A prediction of the course of
a disease following its onset.
Prognostic Factors
The characteristics of a particular patient that can be used to more
accurately predict that patient's eventual outcome.

They can be used to predict outcome.

Contributes to understanding of disease process such as when to initiate,

stop, or change treatment.

Is used in clinical trial inclusion/exclusion criteria to ensure homogeneity

of the study population.
 Risk factors are present before the
development of a disease,
Risk factors whereas Prognostic factors may
either have been present before
vs. the onset (e.g. sex, smoking
Prognostic behaviour) of the disease under
factors investigation, or have developed
afterwards (e.g. tumour size, high
white cell count).
Types of Prognostic Factors

Demographic (e.g. age, sex)

Behavioural (e.g. alcohol consumption, smoking)

Disease-specific (e.g. tumour stage)

Comorbidities (e.g. other conditions accompanying the disease in

question)
Prognostic Factors for COVID-19

Patient factors
 Increasing age
 Male sex
 Obesity
 Smoking history
 Blood type A
 Frailty
Prognostic Factors for COVID-19
Presence of Comorbidities
• Hypertension
• Cardiovascular disease
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Peripheral artery disease
• Dementia
• Diabetes
• Bacterial or fungal
coinfection
• Chronic respiratory
disease (e.g., COPD,
obstructive sleep apnea)
• Active malignancy
• Immunosuppression
• Chronic kidney or liver
disease
• Rheumatologic disease
 Hypertension
The most
common
underlying
Diabetes
diseases in
deceased
patients
Cardiovascular Diseases
“And as we continue in our efforts to combat this
pandemic, we must also continue to adhere to
the current proven protection measures: getting
vaccinated, maintaining physical distancing,
washing hands, avoiding crowded and closed
spaces, and wearing a mask.”
DR. AHMED AL-MANDHARI
WHO Regional Director for the Eastern Mediterranean
References
https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/research-methods/1a-epidemiology/sudies-disease-
prognosis?fbclid=IwAR3siF6kmAOuVwbF3nyThpJxFN_PQLQPjxMLV8pBzaO1c196gqGTohXY92g

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2023184

WHO’s “Solidarity” Clinical Trial for COVID-19 - Better World Campaign

https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/who-solidarity-plus-covid/

https://www.wisconsin.edu/workers-compensation/coordinators/osha-record/medical-treatment/?
fbclid=IwAR2yqUtc2IhuPVvJI1hnHkcxhTAg9HsLFpn1iBdkTrwTigYONlHQamYjUKU
References
https://www.who.int/news/item/11-08-2021-who-s-solidarity-clinical-trial-enters-a-
new-phase-with-three-new-candidate-drugs

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-therapeutics-2021.3?fbc
lid=IwAR3lEEyMqR-CUJJrkNgA1BGg6E60h8x54DFMNXhgu-hQ_bHtFBxn-xaq
s6o

https://www.firstpost.com/health/whos-solidarity-trial-will-test-three-new-potential
-covid-19-drugs-in-new-phase-9895901.html
References
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/treatments-for-covid-19

https://www.healthline.com/health/coronavirus-covid-19#treatment

https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-
on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/solidarity-clinical-trial-for-covid-19-treatments