BILIRAN PROVINCE STATE UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

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ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2
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MAEBEL JANE D. ABILAR

(Reporter)
BUILDING
PLUMBING
SYSTEMS
• Name, describe
and distinguish
between sources
of potable water

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 • Plumbing is the system of pipes
What is and fixtures installed in a
building for the distribution and
PLUMBING? use of potable water and the
removal of waterborne wastes.

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What is POTABLE
WATER?
• POTABLE WATER , • POTABLE WATER is
also known as drinking the water that flows out
water, is water that is of your taps, including
safe to drink or use for your kitchen and
food preparation. bathroom sinks,
showers and bathtubs.

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There are two main sources of potable water: Groundwater and Surface Water

Surface Water is found in lakes, rivers,

and reservoirs.

Groundwater lies under the surface of the

land, where it travels through and fills
openings in the rocks.

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Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth’s surface in rock and soil
pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

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• A unit of rock or an
unconsolidated deposit is
called an aquifer when it
can yield a usable quantity
water.
The depth at which soil pore
spaces or fractures and void
in rock become completely
saturated with water is
called the water table.

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The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology,
also called groundwater hydrology.

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Surface Water is any body of water above ground, including streams, rivers,
lakes, wetlands, reservoirs, and cracks.

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• The ocean, despite being
saltwater, is also considered
surface water.
Surface water participates in
the hydrologic cycle, or water
cycle, which involves the
movement of water to and
from the Earth’s surface.
Precipitation and water
runoff feed bodies of surface
water.
Evaporation and seepage of
water into the ground, on
the other hand, cause water
bodies to lose water.

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 Perennial, or
permanent, surface
water persists
throughout the year and
is replenished with
groundwater when there
is little precipitation.

There are three types of Ephemeral, or

surface water: semi-permanent,
surface water exists
Perennial, Ephemeral, and for only part of the
year.
Man-made.
Man-made surface
water is found in
artificial structures,
such as dams and
constructed
wetlands.
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GROUNDWATER vs SURFACE WATER
TYPES AND USES OF PLUMBING
Presented by:
• Melvic Doldol Aberte
1. SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• A SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM IS WHAT HELPS GET RID OF WASTEWATER.
THIS SYSTEM CONTAINS A SERIES OF PIPES THAT WERE DESIGNED TO
SPECIFICALLY DISPOSE OF WASTE. THIS WASTE COMES FROM THINGS SUCH
AS DOING THE LAUNDRY AND PUTTING FOOD DOWN THE DRAIN. ONCE THE
WASTE ENTERS THE PIPES, IT IS THEN TRANSFERRED TO A LOCAL SEWER
SYSTEM.
Types of sanitary drainage systems

• Gravity system
• Low-pressure sewer system
• The vacuum sewage system
Gravity Systems
• Gravity sewerage systems are the
traditional method of sewage
disposal. These systems take
advantage of the natural slope of
the ground to collect wastewater,
take it away from the property and
allow it to flow to the authority
sewerage network. The network
system transports the wastewater
to the treatment plant.
• Gravity systems are used in areas
where the water table is low, and
the land is not prone to flooding.
• While gravity systems are the most
common there are other systems
that you should be aware of.
Low-pressure Sewer Systems

• Low-pressure sewer systems are a

low-head pressure wastewater
collection and treatment system.
They are an alternative to gravity
sewer systems or septic tanks.
• A low-pressure sewer system
consists of an interceptor tank and
a chamber unit, which houses a
small, submersible electrical pump.
The tank is installed below ground,
much like a septic tank. Substantial
organic waste treatment occurs in
the interceptor tank. The liquid in
the tank, or effluent, is pumped
automatically through a small
pressure line that transports it to a
wastewater plant for treatment.
The Vacuum Sewage System

• The vacuum sewage system is an

alternative method to a
conventional gravity system. It is
generally used in areas that feature
water charged ground, reclaimed
ground, flat areas and in seasonal
areas such as recreation areas and
camping sites.
• A vacuum system needs a central
vacuum station, with vacuum
pumps, collection chamber,
discharge pumps and associated
controls. The various sewage
fittings are each connected to the
system via a vacuum valve.
• It operates on electricity, so it
requires an additional power
supply in case of a power failure.
2. STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• YOU MAY HAVE NOTICED THOSE LITTLE HOLES ON THE SIDEWALK. THOSE
ARE KNOWN AS STORM DRAINS. THESE ARE USED TO CARRY EXCESS WATER
AWAY FROM A HOUSE. BACK IN THE DAY, THE WATER THAT WENT DOWN A
STORM DRAIN USED TO GO INTO A SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM. AND IN
SOME AREAS, THEY STILL DO. THESE DAYS, HOWEVER, RAINWATER IS SENT
TO A STORM SEWER INSTEAD.
5 Effective Types of stormwater drainage systems

• SLOT DRAINS
• OPEN STORM DRAINS
• CLOSED STORM DRAIN
• FRENCH DRAIN
• PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
• Slot drains are a recent innovation in
drainage technology. They utilize long,
thin drain slots that often run the entire
length of a room or area. They are great SLOT DRAINS
for outdoor areas that don’t require
excessive drainage; however, they tend
to flood easily when exposed to heavy
rainfall.
• This issue makes slot drains one of the
least effective stormwater drainage
systems. Even with multiple slot drains
installed, outdoor areas are very hard to
manage with this type of drain, because
water quickly overflows them.
• They can work effectively in light
rainstorms and situations where the rate
of precipitation isn’t very high. They can
also be driven and walked on without
issue and are rather easy to clean when
compared to other types of drains.
• Open storm drains are drains that usually
run parallel to a nearby road or parallel
to the edge of a property. They feature
long, uncovered channels to carry free- OPEN STORM DRAINS
flowing stormwater. These channels
often direct water into a local sewer
system where it can be treated and
managed. Open storm drains can be
expensive to set up but are usually cheap
to maintain once they’ve been installed.
• They are a great stormwater drainage
setup for those who aren’t too incredibly
concerned about looks and want to
collect surface water with ease. Lots and
paved areas can be sloped towards open
storm drains. They are unsafe, though,
and require fencing to keep animals and
people from falling in. They can also
smell and may even decrease your
property value.
• Most of the stormwater
management systems you see now
are stormwater grates that lead to a
local, underground sewer system.
CLOSED STORM DRAIN
Closed storm drain grates can be
found in the low areas of parking
lots, the trenches near sidewalks,
and other areas where water
intentionally or unintentionally
tends to collect. Though safer and
less unsightly than open storm
drains, they are difficult to clean and
labor-intensive to install.
• If you want to prevent water from
pooling around the foundation of your
home or building, French drains are the
way to accomplish it. These types of
stormwater drains typically utilize small
grates located near the foundation of a
building. The grates funnel the water into
long pipes that carry it away from the
edge of the building and into the street,
or even into a water retention basin.
• The best part about French drains is that
the long pipes they use are almost always
covered up with aesthetically pleasing
pebbles or grass. They also make use of
FRENCH
intricate, beautiful grates as well. French DRAIN
drains are great for draining water that
pools near the foundation of a building
but are not as effective when it comes to
draining surface water over a broader
area.
• Permeable pavement might sound like
more of a paving solution than a
stormwater drainage solution, but it’s
both. TRUEGRID PRO LITE and 
TRUEGRID PRO PLUS are both 100% PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
permeable and capable of effectively
draining water from even the most
intense rainstorms.
• You can use permeable pavement as a
replacement for regular asphalt and
concrete, making your entire parking lot
or paved area into one big storm drain.
The water filters through the gravel
trapped in the pavers and drains back
into the ground where it belongs. A
parking lot made from these pavers also
looks incredibly clean and professional.
• TRUEGRID permeable pavers require
almost no maintenance over a 60-year
lifespan and are the quickest to install
among all the drainage systems. They are
also incredibly durable and can handle
constant, heavy traffic without failing.
3. POTABLE WATER SYSTEM
A potable water system, also named as water distribution system, is what enables people to use drinkable water within a
building. This system is comprised of various pipes that’s connected to a single system. A valve can be located on this
system, which is used to cut off the water supply. Furthermore, there is also usually a meter that tells you how much
water is being used throughout the building.
The function of a water distribution system is to deliver water to all customers of the system in sufficient quantity for
potable drinking water and fire protection purposes, at the appropriate pressure, with minimal loss, of safe and
acceptable quality, and as economically as possible.