Software Process & Lifecycles

Overview of Software Development

Activities
Introduction to Various Lifecycles
Agenda
 Team Organization Deliverable Turn-in
– Project Assignments to be posted on the web-
site
 Introduction to Software Development
Activities
 Survey of Lifecycle Models

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Software Engineering
 Layered Technology
– Key Process Areas

Tools

Methods
Process

Quality
[Pressman 97]

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Software Quality
 Critical Quality  Other Attributes
Attributes – Completeness
[Sommerville 96] – Compatibility
– Maintainability – Portability
– Internationalization
– Dependability
– Understandability
– Efficiency – Scalability
– Usability – Robustness
– Testability
– Reusability
– Customizability

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Capability Maturity Model
 Developed by SEI
 Five Process Maturity Levels
– Level 0: Chaos
– Level 1: Initial
– Level 2: Repeatable
– Level 3: Defined
– Level 4: Managed
– Level 5: Optimizing
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Process Principles
 Prescribes all major activities
 Uses resources, within a set of constraints, to
produce intermediate and final products
 May be composed of sub-processes
 Each activity has entry and exit criteria
 Activities are organized in a sequence
 Has a set of guiding principles to explain goals
 Constraints may apply to activity, resource or
product
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Software Development Stages
 Requirements Analysis & Specification
 Conceptual/System Design
 Detailed/Program Design
 Implementation/Coding
 Unit & Integration Testing
 System Testing
 System Delivery
 Maintenance
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Software Lifecycle Models
 Waterfall Model
 V Model
 Prototyping Model
 Operational Specification Model
 Phased Development Model
 Spiral Model

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Waterfall Model
REQUIREMENTS
ANALYSIS

SYSTEM
DESIGN

PROGRAM
DESIGN

CODING

UNIT & INTE-

GRATION TESTING

SYSTEM
TESTING

ACCEPTANCE
TESTING
[Pfleeger 98] OPERATION
& MAINTENANCE
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V Model
Validate requirements OPERATION
REQUIREMENTS & MAINTENANCE
ANALYSIS

ACCEPTANCE
TESTING
SYSTEM
DESIGN

SYSTEM
Verify design TESTING

PROGRAM UNIT & INTE-

DESIGN GRATION TESTING

CODING
[Pfleeger 98]

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Prototyping Model

Listen to Build/Revise
Customer Mock-Up

Customer
Test-drives
Mock-up
[Pressman 97]

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Prototyping Model
LIST OF LIST OF LIST OF
REVISIONS REVISIONS REVISIONS

revise user/
prototype customer
review

PROTOTYPE PROTOTYPE PROTOTYPE TEST

REQUIREMENTS DESIGN SYSTEM

DELIVERED
SYSTEM SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
(sometimes informal
or incomplete)

[Pfleeger 98]

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Operational Specification Model
[Pfleeger 98]
Execute and
Revise

OPERATIONAL TRANSFORMED
SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION TEST
(problem-oriented) (implementation-
oriented)

DELIVERED
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
(sometimes informal
or incomplete)

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Phased Development Model
Development systems

Build Release 1 Build Release 2 Build Release 3

Time

Use Release 1 Use Release 2 Use Release 3

Production systems
[Pfleeger 98]

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Boehm’s Spiral Model
DETERMINE GOALS, EVALUATE ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVES, AND RISKS
CONSTRAINTS raints 4 [Pfleeger 98]
Const Risk analysis 4

ra ints 3 Risk analysis

s 4 Const 3
ve
n ati
ter
Al es
3
raints 2
tiv Const Risk analysis
na 2
ter es 2
Al ativ Co
n ns
l ter tra Risk analysis 1 Proto - Proto - Proto -
A Alte
Budget 4 rnat ints type 2 type 3 type 4
Budget 3 Budget 2 Budget ives 1 Prototype 1
1 1
start
Requirements, Concept of Detailed

sig re
ts
re en

de twa
life-cycle plan operation a design

n
m
ftw ire

f
So
De
ve So equ
Int lop r
e pla ment d
and grati date ts Code
tes on n Vali iremen d ,
tp u a t e
lan req d
Vali design
f d
ie
veri Unit test

System
Implementation Acceptance test
plan test
PLAN DEVELOP AND TEST
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Coming Up Next...
 Project Assignments by Thursday
– Should be posted to web-site earlier
 Preliminary Problem Analysis & Project
Plan Assignment
– Due: 14 October
 Lecture: Requirements Engineering

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