ANATOMY OF

THE LARYNX

Lecturer:
Mrs. Akylai Kargabaeva
 Anatomy of the larynx.

• Larynx it is a hollow organ, the upper part of

which opens into the hypolarynx, and the
lower part passes into the trachea.
• The larynx is suspended from the hyoid bone
by the thyroid-hyoid membrane; downward,
it passes into the trachea, attaching to it by
the cricotracheal ligament.
 Anatomy of the larynx.

• In front, the larynx is covered with skin,

subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia of the neck
and muscles.
• Behind, the larynx is bordered by the laryngeal part
of the larynx and the entrance to the esophagus.
• On the sides of the larynx are neurovascular
bundles. The larynx cavity is shaped like an
hourglass, narrowed in the middle section and
expanded up and down.
Anatomy of the larynx.
 Anatomy of the larynx.
Divided into three floors:
• - upper - the larynx vestibule, located between the
entrance to the larynx and the vestibular folds, looks
like a cone-shaped cavity tapering downward.
• - middle - glottis - the space between the vocal
folds through which communication with the lower
floor of the larynx occurs.
• - the lower one - the sub-vocal cavity, extending
from the vocal folds to the trachea, has the form of a
cone-shaped cavity expanding downward
 Anatomy of the larynx.

Entrance to the larynx:

• Front - limited by the epiglottis
• Behind - by the tops of arytenoid cartilage
• Laterally – plica aryepiglottica
 Laryngeal cartilage

1. Unpaired
• -cartilago cricoidea
• - cartilago thyroidea
• - cartilago epiglottica
2. Paired
• - cartilagines arytenoidea
• - cartilagines corniculata
• - cartilagines cuneiformis
Anatomy of the larynx.
 The cricoid cartilage
• The cricoid cartilage forms the basis of the
skeleton of the larynx. Its shape resembles a
ring with a signet facing backwards. The
narrow part facing forward is called the arc,
and the widened back is called the seal. The
lateral surfaces of the cricoid cartilage have
upper and lower articular platforms for
articulation with the arytenoid and thyroid
cartilages.
 Thyroid cartilage
• is the largest cartilage of the larynx, located
above the cricoid cartilage. These are two
rectangular plates of irregular shape, of which
the cartilage consists, at the point of fusion in
the front along the midline form a ridge. The
vocal folds are attached to the elevation on
the inner surface of the angle formed by the
plates of the thyroid cartilage. From the
posterior sections of the plates of the thyroid
cartilage on both sides, the processes extend
up and down - the upper and lower horns.
 The epiglottis cartilage

• is a leaf-shaped plate that resembles a flower

petal. Its wide part stands freely above the
thyroid cartilage, is located behind the root of
the tongue and is called a petal. The narrow
lower part of the stalks is attached by a
ligament to the inner surface of the angle of
the thyroid cartilage.
 Anatomy of the larynx.
• Arytenoid cartilages are in the form of
triangular pyramids, the tops of which are
directed upward, slightly backward and
medially. The base of the pyramid articulates
with the articular surface of the signet of the
cricoid cartilage
• Cartilagines cuneiformis are located in the
thickness of the scooped epiglottis fold.
• The cartilagines corniculata lies over the
apex of the arytenoid cartilage.
 Laryngeal articulatio

There are two paired articulatio:

• 1. The articulatio cricothyroidea joint is
formed by the lateral surface of the cricoid
cartilage and the lower horn of the thyroid
cartilage. By leaning forward or backward at
this joint, the thyroid cartilage increases or
decreases the tension on the vocal folds,
altering the pitch of the voice.
 Laryngeal articulatio

There are two paired articulatio:

• 2. The artocilatio cricoarytenoidea is formed
by the lower surface of the arytenoid
cartilage and the upper articular area of ​the
cricoid cartilage plate. Movements in the
artocilatio cricoarytenoidea (forward,
backward, medial and lateral) determine the
width of the glottis.
 Laryngeal ligaments
• - Lig.Hyothyroideum medium and lateralis
• - Lig. thyroepiglotticum
• - Lig.hyoepiglotticum
• - Lig. cricotracheale
• - Lig.cricothyroideum
• - Plica vocalis
• - Plica aryepiglottica
• - Plica glossoepiglotticum midium and lateralis
Laryngeal ligaments
 Laryngeal ligaments
• 1. Lig.Hyothyroideum medium and lateralis are
part of the thyrohyoidea membrane, with the help
of which the larynx is suspended from the hyoid
bone.
– The median ligament connects the upper edge of the
thyroid cartilage with the body of the hyoid bone, and
the lateral ligament with the large horns of the hyoid
bone.
– The neurovascular bundle of the larynx passes through
the opening in the outer part of the thyrohyoidea
membrane.
 Laryngeal ligaments

• 2. The Lig. thyroepiglotticum connects the

epiglottis with the thyroid cartilage in the region
of its upper edge.
• 3. The Lig.hyoepiglotticum connects the
epiglottis with the body of the hyoid bone.
• 4. The Lig. cricotracheale which connects the
larynx to the trachea, is located between the
cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring.
 Laryngeal ligaments

• 5. The Lig.cricothyroideum connects the upper

edge of the cricoid arch and the lower edge of the
thyroid cartilage. This ligament is a continuation
of the elastic membrane of the larynx, which
begins on the inner surface of the plates of the
thyroid cartilage
 Laryngeal ligaments

• 6. The Plica vocalis is the upper-posterior bundle

of the elastic cone. It covers the vocal muscle
stretched between the inner surface of the angle
of the thyroid cartilage in front and the vocal
process of the arytenoid cartilage in the back.
 Laryngeal ligaments

• 7. The Plica aryepiglottica is located between the

lateral edge of the epiglottis and the inner edge of
the arytenoid cartilage.
• 8. The Plica glossoepiglotticum connect the
median and lateral parts of the tongue root to the
anterior surface of the epiglottis. There is a
depression between them - the right and left fossa
of the epiglottis
 The muscles of the larynx
Two large muscle groups:
• 1. external, involved in the movement of the
entire larynx as a whole:
– two paired muscles, one end of which is attached
to the thyroid cartilage, the other to the bones of
the skeleton.
– the muscles that attach to the hyoid bone and to
the bones of the skeleton.
• 2.internal, causing the movement of the
cartilage of the larynx relative to each other.
The muscles of the larynx
 The muscles of the larynx

• External, one end of which is attached to the

thyroid cartilage, the other to the bones of
the skeleton:
– m.sternothyroideus
– m.thyrohyoideus
 The muscles of the larynx
• External, which attach to the hyoid bone
and to the bones of the skeleton.
– m.sternohyoideus
– m.omohyoideus
– m.stylohyoideus
– m.digastricus
– m.geniohyoideus
 Trachea
• This is a hollow cylindrical tube, a direct extension
of the larynx. It begins at the level of the 7th
cervical vertebra and extends to the level of 4-5
thoracic vertebrae, where it ends with a branching
into two main bronchi (right, left).
• The tracheal wall consists of 16-20 horseshoe-
shaped hyaline cartilages. The inner surface of the
trachea is lined with a mucous membrane covered
with a cylindrical ciliated epithelium. Wider right
bronchus at an angle of 15 degrees, the left at an
angle of 45 degrees.
 Trachea
• From above the trachea is attached to the
cricoid cartilage.
• Behind the trachea is adjacent to the
esophagus.
• To the right of the trachea shoulder is the
head trunk
• Left common carotid artery
• In the cervical part, at the front surface of
the trachea, lies the isthmus of the thyroid
gland, and on the sides of its lobe.
Anatomy of trachea
 Esophagus
It is a hollow organ in the form of a tube that
connects the pharyngeal cavity to the stomach
cavity.
- from above the pharynx passes into the
esophagus in the area of ​the projection of the 6th
cervical vertebra at the level of the lower cricoid
cartilage
- at the bottom, the place of transition of the
esophagus into the stomach corresponds to the
level of the 11th thoracic vertebra.
 Esophagus
Three departments:
i. -cervical
ii. - chest
iii. -abdominal.
The cervical region extends from the level of the 6th
cervical vertebra to 1-2 thoracic vertebrae. At the level of
the jugular notch, the cervical region passes into the
thoracic region.
The thoracic region is the longest, ending at the level of
the 10-11 thoracic vertebra.
In the abdominal region, it ends with a slight expansion at
the place of transition to the stomach.
 Esophagus

Located in front of the spine, the esophagus forms

4 bends: and three constrictions:
- two in the sagittal plane
- two in the frontal plane.
 Esophagus

Constrictions:
- the first is located at the junction of the pharynx
into the esophagus
- the second is due to the pressure of the aorta and
the left main bronchus
- the third is formed at the place of passage
through the esophageal opening.
 Esophagus

The walls of the esophagus are three layers:

i. internal - mucous membrane
ii. medium - muscular
iii. external - connective tissue
Esophagus
THE END