Combined Loadings

Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

Cylindrical Pressure Vessel Spherical Pressure Vessel

What is Thin?
Spherical Pressure Vessels
Guidelines for Determining the Stress State caused by Combined Loadings

Internal Loading
– find internal normal & shear forces and bending and torsional moments
– forces act through centroid & moments about centroidal axes
Average Normal Stress
– compute stress associated with each internal load
– represent stress acting an element or distribution over cross section
Normal Force
– internal normal force due to uniform stress distribution
Shear Force
– internal shear force in a member subjected to bending is due to a
shear-stress distribution determined from the shear formula
Bending Moment
– for straight members, internal bending moment is due to a normal
stress distribution determined from the flexure formula
Guidelines for Determining the Stress State caused by Combined Loadings - continued

Torsional Moment
– for circular shafts and tubes, the torque is due to a shear stress
distribution determined from the torsional formula
Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
– for cylindrical vessels, the internal pressure causes a biaxial state of
stress with hoop and circumferential components
– for spherical vessels, the biaxial state of stress is represented by two
equivalent components
Superposition
– use principle of superposition to determine the resultant normal and
shear stress components
– show resultants on an element of material located at the point, or show
results as a distribution of stress acting over the member’s cross-
sectional area
8-43 Known: The uniform sign is supported by the
pipe AB, and is subjected a uniform wind pressure.
Find: Determine the state of stress at points C and
D. Show the results on a differential volume element
located at each of these points.
Data: The sign weighs 1500 lb. Pipe AB has an
inner radius of 2.75 in. and an outer radius of 3.00
in. The uniform wind pressure p = 150 lb/ft2.
Assumptions: Neglect the thickness of the sign,
and assume that it is supported along the outside
edge of the pipe.