Thales of Miletus was a Greek philosopher who lived from around 624-546 BC and is considered one of the earliest pre-Socratic philosophers. He made important contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including being the first to prove geometrical theorems and using geometry to measure the height of pyramids and distance of ships at sea. He is also credited with predicting a solar eclipse.
Thales of Miletus was a Greek philosopher who lived from around 624-546 BC and is considered one of the earliest pre-Socratic philosophers. He made important contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including being the first to prove geometrical theorems and using geometry to measure the height of pyramids and distance of ships at sea. He is also credited with predicting a solar eclipse.
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Thales of Miletus was a Greek philosopher who lived from around 624-546 BC and is considered one of the earliest pre-Socratic philosophers. He made important contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including being the first to prove geometrical theorems and using geometry to measure the height of pyramids and distance of ships at sea. He is also credited with predicting a solar eclipse.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
• Born : ca. 624–625 BC Died ca. 547–546 BC • School: Ionian Philosophy, Milesian school, Naturalism • Main interests: Ethics, Metaphysics, Mathematics, Astronomy • Notable ideas: Water is the physis, Thales' theorem • Babylonian astronomy & Ancient Egyptian mathematics and religion • Thales (624 – 550 SM) • Riwayat Perintis matematika dan filsafat Yunani adalah Thales. Lahir dan meninggal di kota kecil Miletus yang terletak di pantai barat Asia Kecil, sebuah kota yang menjadi pusat perdagangan. • Kapal-kapal pedagang dengan mudah berlayar ke Nil di Mesir, sedangkan karavan melakukan perjalanan lewat darat menuju kota di Babylon. • Pendudulk Militus suka melakukan kontak dagang dengan kota- kota di Yunani dan warga Phoenisia. Di kota ini juga merupakan tempat pertemuan [dunia] Timur dan Barat, dan tempat lahirnya Thales. CONTRIBUTIONS • Thales was known for his innovative use of geometry. His understanding was theoretical as well as practical. For example, he said: Megiston topos: hapanta gar chorei (Μέγιστον τόπος· άπαντα γαρ χωρεί) ”Space is the greatest thing, as it contains all things” Topos is in Newtonian-style space, since the verb, chorei, has the connotation of yielding before things, or spreading out to make room for them, which is Template:Extension (metaphysics). Within this extension, things have a position. Points, lines, planes and solids related by distances and angles follow from this presumption. • Thales understood similar triangles and right triangles, and what is more, used that knowledge in practical ways. The story is told in DL (loc. cit.) that he measured the height of the pyramids by their shadows at the moment when his own shadow was equal to his height. A right triangle with two equal legs is a 45- degree right triangle, all of which are similar. The length of the pyramid’s shadow measured from the center of the pyramid at that moment must have been equal to its height. • This story indicates that he was familiar with the Egyptian seked, or seqed - the ratio of the run to the rise of a slope (cotangent). The seked is at the base of problems 56, 57, 58, 59 and 60 of the Rhind papyrus - an ancient Egyptian mathematics document. • Our cotangents require the same units for run and rise, but the papyrus uses cubits for rise and palms for run, resulting in different (but still characteristic) numbers. Since there were 7 palms in a cubit, the seked was 7 times the cotangent. • Thales’ Theorem is stated in another article. (Actually there are two theorems called Theorem of Thales, one having to do with a triangle inscribed in a circle and having the circle's diameter as one leg, the other theorem being also called the intercept theorem.) In addition Eudemus attributed to him the discovery that a circle is bisected by its diameter, that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal and that vertical angles are equal. It would be hard to imagine civilization without these theorems • Theorema Thales Thales mengemukakan proposisi yang dikenal dengan theorema Thales, iaitu: • Lingkaran dibagi dua oleh garis yang melalui pusatnya yang disebut dengan diameter. • Besarnya sudut-sudut alas segitiga sama kali adalah sama besar. • Sudut-sudut vertikal yang terbentuk dari dua garis sejajar yang dipotong oleh sebuah garis lurus menyilang, sama besarnya. • Apabila sepasang sisinya, sepasang sudut yang terletak pada sisi itu dan sepasang sudut yang terletak dihadapan sisi itu sama besarnya, maka kedua segitiga itu dikatakan sama sebangun. • Segitiga dengan alas diketahui dan sudut tertentu dapat digunakan untuk mengukur jarak kapal. • Aktivitas Thales lebih dikenal – dari berbagai sumber terpisah, sebagai matematikawan terapan. Mengukur tinggi piramida dengan mengukur tinggi bayangan dengan menggunakan tongkat, memprediksi gerhana matahari, menentukan setahun adalah 360 hari (sudah dikenal lama oleh bangsa Mesir) maupun jarak kapal di laut dengan lewat cara proporsi/memadankan bentuk segitiga adalah catatan “kehebatan” Thales.
• Gerhana matahari disebutkannya akan terjadi pada tanggal 28 Mei
atau 30 September pada tahun 609 SM. Catatan yang ada menyebutkan bahwa gerhana matahari terjadi setiap kurun waktu 18 tahun 11 hari. Ketepatan prediksi ini membuat namanya sangat terkenal dan diabadikan sebagai salah satu dari tujuh orang bijak (sage) yang terdapat pada hikayat Yunani