The Self from Various

Perspective
{PHILOSOPY}
Group 3
Members: Jesus Christper M. Brioso
Cayl Justine Gregas
Alshieba Bara
 What is the Self Various Perspective

 present volume addresses the Self under different and influent philosophical
perspectives: from phenomenology and psychoanalysis to metaphysics and
neurophilosophy and discusses several and distinct problems such as personal
identity, the core/narrative self-distinction, psychopathologies, the mind-body
problem
What is Philosophy?

 the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, esthe
study of the theoretical basis of a particular branch of knowledge or experience.
 "the philosophy of science“ especially when considered as an academic
discipline.
Philosopher

 Plato
 Aristotle
 Socrates
 Immanuel Kant
 Friedrich Nietzsche
 Rene Descartes
 Ludwig Wittgenstein
 And more
Plato

 Plato, at least in many of his dialogues, held that the true self of
human beings is the reason or the intellect that constitutes their soul
and that is separable from their body. Aristotle, for his part, insisted
that the human being is a composite of body and soul and that the soul
cannot be separated from the body.
Aristotle

Aristotle argues that the self or the human person is a

composite of body and soul and that the two are
inseparable. ... And as “form” of the body, the soul is the
very structure of the human body which allows humans to
perform activities of life, such as thinking, willing,
imagining, desiring, and perceiving.
Socrates

Instead, Socrates famously maintained that our true self is

our soul. ... All human beings naturally strive after
happiness, thought Socrates, for happiness is the final end in
life and everything we do we do because we think it will
make us happy.
Immanuel kant

 According to him, we all have an inner and an outer self which

together form our consciousness. The inner self is comprised of our
psychological state and our rational intellect. The outer self includes
our sense and the physical world. ... According to Kant, representation
occurs through our senses.
Augustine

 As Augustine constructs a view of God that would come to dominate

Western thinking, he also creates a new concept of individual identity:
the idea of the self. This identity is achieved through a twofold
process: self-presentation, which leads to self-realization
Descartes

 Descartes's concept of the self revolves around the idea of mind-body

dualism. For Descartes, a human person is composed of two parts,
namely, a material body and a non-material mind. ... In other words,
for Descartes, it is the mind that makes us humans.
John Locke

 John Locke holds that personal identity is a matter of psychological

continuity. He considered personal identity (or the self) to be founded
on consciousness (viz. memory), and not on the substance of either
the soul or the body.
Hume

Hume suggests that the self is just a bundle of

perceptions, like links in a chain. To look for a
unifying self beyond those perceptions is like looking
for a chain apart from the links that constitute it.
Gilbert Ryle

Moving on to Gilbert Ryle, “The self is the way people

behave”. The self is basically our behavior. This concept
provided the philosophical principle, “I act therefore I am”.
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF.
Churchland

 Churchland holds to materialism, the belief that nothing but matter

exists. When discussing the mind, this means that the physical brain,
and not the mind, exists. Adding to this, the physical brain is where
we get our sense of self.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty

 Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological philosophy suggests the

search for the self and consciousness need not be focused on the space
within our skulls. Instead, we should turn our attention to the lived
body. ... Merleau-Ponty focused on the ways in which our
embodiment is central to our consciousness and self.
THAT’S ALL THANK YOU