Construction

Machinery Safety

By: John Eric M. Cagat

 Introduction
• The goal is to prevent workplace accidents
caused by construction heavy equipment.
• Struck by and caught-in-between heavy
equipment accidents contribute to 22% and
18% respectively among construction injuries
and fatalities.
• Heavy equipment operation key is:
• YOU MUST SEE AND BE SEEN!

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 CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION
Heavy equipment include but are not limited to:
• Front-end loaders; rubber-tired and tracked
• Crawler tractors, bulldozers, skid steer bobcats
• Wheel tractor-scrapers, elevating scrapers, tandem powered
scrapers
• Rubber-tired backhoes and tracked hydraulic excavators
• On and off-road haulage vehicles
• Asphalt pavers and associated support equipment such as
pavement rollers
• Vibratory rollers and compactors
• Motor graders, grade tractors, industrial tractors
• Concrete mixers and pump trucks
• Special use construction equipment: grinding, pulverizing, milling,
water trucks, etc 3 3
 Construction Machinery Accident
Prevention Available Solutions
1. Management Commitment
2. Workers’ Involvement
3. Pre-construction Job Safety Analysis
4. Hazard Prevention and Controls
5. Equipment Maintenance
6. Workers’ Awareness Training
7. Periodical Review Procedures
Note: Read your manual for details on above
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Cranes Safety

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 Construction Accident
Electrocutions of Crane Operator and Crew Members

Date:
March 31, 1993

Casualty:
2 Fatalities

Description:
Wire rope of a Crawler Crane
contacted a 7,200 - volt
conductor of an overhead
power line.

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 SEVERAL TYPES OF CRANES
• Mobile Cranes
• Tower Cranes
• Overhead Cranes
• Gantry Cranes

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 Critical Parameters of
Crane Operation
• Crane designed capacity
• Total/rated weight & shape of load
• Lifting gear designed capacity & angle
• Boom radius, angle, length if any
• Outrigger position and support if any
• Operator capability
• Signal man position and capability
• Tag man position and capability
• Other personnel and equipment relative position
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Proper Precaution: Work Near
Electrical Power Sources

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 US NIOSH ALERT on Crane
Operation Near Power Lines

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Otherwise!!!

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 Operator’s Qualification & Certification
• Vision test 20/30 in one eye & 20/50 in the other
(corrected & uncorrected), normal depth
perception, field of vision & color vision.
• Sufficient strength, endurance, agility, coordination
& responsiveness to meet the demands of the
equipment operation.
• Adequate hearing.
• No physical defects or emotional disorders.
• No evidence of seizures or loss of physical control.
• LTO license & TESDA/ACEL certificate.
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 Inspection & Testing
• THIRD PARTY INSPECTION
– Accredited agency by DOLE/BWC….ACEL
– Yearly or after modification, alteration, repairs or transfer
– Load testing= 125% above the maximum load
• INTERNAL INSPECTION
– Before using on site.
– Monthly
– Items:
• Hoisting & lowering
• Trolley travel
• Swing motion
• Brakes & clutches
• Limit-locking & safety devices
• Assembly, foundation & erection
• Control operations
• Running gear & drives
• All other mechanism pertinent to the safe operation13of the equipment
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 Accidents in Construction Work
by Types of Machinery (Japan)
Others
Dumptruck
Pile Driver
Concrete Mixer
Tractor Shovel
Roller
Bulldozer
Backhoes

0 10 20 30 40 50
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 Accidents by Causes (Total = 100%)
o Poor techniques (insufficient training)  35%
o Insufficient guiding & signaling  14.1%
o Insufficient measures to keep out of the
hazardous area  7.6%
o Improper use (not for the designated purpose)
 6.6%
o Management faults  5.8%
o Insufficient inspection & maintenance  4.7%
o Improper use  4.7%
o Others  21.5% 16
Why is SAFETY important to YOU?

3 BIG REASONS:

1. ACCIDENTS DISABLE AND KILL

2. ACCIDENTS ARE COSTLY

3. ACCIDENTS CAN BE AVOIDED

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Measures to Secure SAFETY in
Using Construction Machinery

 Full Understanding of Machine

Conditions and Maintenance

 Safe Operations

 Safety Management
at Work Sites

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Full Understanding of Machine
Conditions and Maintenance
General Procedures
•Do not perform any work on a machine unless
you are authorized and qualified to do so.

•Read the manufacturer’s service and operator’s

manuals.

•Attach a DO NOT OPERATE tag or similar

warning tag before performing maintenance.

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 Prepare the Work Area

•Choose a clean level

work area.
•Make certain there is
adequate light and
ventilation.

•Clean the walking and

working surfaces.

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Prepare Yourself
•Wear all the protective
clothing the job requires.

•Safety glasses, goggles or

a face shield are always
needed for eye protection.

•Wear gloves and safety

shoes when handling
wooden blocks, wire rope
or sharp-edged metal.

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 Daily Checks
Brakes and clutches
Before the Start
of Operations Safety devices

Fuel and engine oil

Water

Air tanks

Operator’s cab

Gauges and other

controls

Daily inspections are conducted mainly by operators.

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 Safe Operations
Conforming Safety BEFORE Work

 Operations by
qualified personnel
TESDA
Certified

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 Wearing safe clothing
and protective equipment

•Hard hat
•Safety shoes
•Safety glasses, goggles or
face shield
•Gloves
•Hearing protection
•Reflective clothing
•Respirator or filter mask

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 Knowing the working area

•Location of slopes
•Open trenches
•Drop-offs or overhangs
•Soil conditions
•Rocks and stumps
•Exact location of any
buried and/or overhead
electrical, gas, telephone,
water, sewer, or other
utilities.
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Meeting with others involved to
organize work arrangements

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 Precautions in getting in and
out of machines
oMaintain a 3 point
contact.
o Face the machine
when either mounting
or dismounting.
oNever jump on or off
the machine.

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 Conforming Safety AFTER Work
 Filling fuel tank

oStop the engine

oDo not refuel
near open fires
oNo smoking
oConduct tank-
filling operations
outdoors

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PARKING PLACES
• Park on flat surfaces
that offer a solid
foundation.
• Do not park at a site
where mudslides
may occur.
• Lower the bucket to
the ground.
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 Precautions in leaving the
operator’s cab

•Stop the machine.

•Lower the working device to the ground.
•Discharge any remaining pressure.
•Move operating levers to neutral.
•Stop the engine and remove the ignition key.
•Lock the door.
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 Safety Management at
Work Sites
 Organization for
safety management

•Appointment of safety
officer at construction sites.

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  Work qualifications
and education

oSkills training courses

oSafety and health

education

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Thank You!

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