DENTIN

MADHURA SHEKATKAR
MDS PART II
DEPT OF: ORAL PATHOLOGY
GUIDED BY: Dr. SUPRIYA KHEUR
 CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• PROPERTIES :
 Physical
 Chemical
• STRUCTURE:
 Dentinal tubules
 Peritubular dentin
 Intertubular dentin
 Predentin
 Odontoblast process
• TYPES:
 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary
• HISTOLOGIC DETAILS
 Incremental Lines
 Interglobular Dentin
 Granular Layer
• DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
• AGE AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES
 Reparative dentin
 Dead tracts
 Sclerotic or transparent dentin
• DEVELOPMENT :
 Pattern of dentin formation
 Dentinogenesis
 Dentin matrix proteins
• DEVELOPMENTAL DFECTS AND ANOMALIES
• CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
 INTRODUCTION
 Dentin is the hard tissue portion of the pulp-dentin complex.

 Provides the bulk and general form of the tooth.

 Hard, light yellow, porous layer of tissue directly underneath enamel and
cementum.

 Characterized as a hard tissue with tubules throughout its thickness.

 PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL
Young individual: light yellowish in color.
Old age: darker
Viscoelastic and subject to slight deformation
Harder than bone but considerably softer than enamel.
Primary teeth is slightly less hard than that of
permanent teeth
CHEMICAL
35% organic matter and water and 65% inorganic
material.
Organic substance consists of collagenous fibrils of which
type I is the principal collagen.
Ground substance : proteoglycans-chondroitin sulfates,
decorin;
glycoproteins- dentin sialoprotein (DSP), osteonectin,
osteopontin;
phosphoproteins- dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), gamma
carboxyglutamate containing proteins (Gla-proteins) and
phospholipids.
STRUCTURE
 DENTINAL TUBULES
Odontoblast processes– run in canaliculi—traverse dentin layer—dentinal tubules.

 Extend -- entire thickness --dentin --dentinoenamel junction -- mineralization

front.

) S-shaped (Sigmoid) path -- outer surface --dentin --perimeter of the pulp in

coronal dentin.

 Curvatures --crowding of --path followed by odontoblasts -- move toward the

center of the pulp—primary curvatures.

 Tubules– lateral branches– canaliculi/microtubules.

•
 PERITUBULAR DENTIN

 Tubules --delimited by a collar --calcified matrix-- peritubular dentin.

 Hyper mineralized compared to intertubular dentin.

 Intratubular dentin.

 Calcified tubule wall -- inner organic lining --lamina limitans.

Between --odontoblastic process --peritubular dentin, a space --
periodontoblastic space –present– contains--dentinal fluid.

Dentinal fluid-- higher K+ --lower Na+ content.

Dentin sensitivity is explained on the basis of this fluid movement

 INTERTUBULAR DENTIN

 Dentin located between the dentinal tubules is called intertubular dentin.

Main body of dentin --intertubular dentin.

 Consists -- tightly interwoven network of type I collagen fibrils.

 Ground substance-- noncollagenous proteins -- some plasma proteins.

INTERTUBULAR DENTIN
 PREDENTIN
• Dentin– first deposited– unmineralized– Predentin---innermost portion.

• Similar– osteoid

• Noncollagenous matrix proteins—mineralizes—predentin—dentin.

• Located—adjacent– Pulp.

• Pale staining– mineralized dentin.

 ODONTOBLAST PROCESS
• Cytoplasmic extensions of the odontoblasts.

• Odontoblast cells-- peripheral pulp-- pulp-predentin border-- processes

extend-- dentinal tubules.

• Junctions between odontoblasts-- gap junctions, tight junctions, and

desmosomal junctions.

• Cryofractured human teeth revealed --odontoblast process extend --

dentinoenamel junction.
• Recent studies-- scanning electron
microscope --odontoblastic process did
not extend beyond -- inner dentin.

• Odontoblast process-- composed --

microtubules and small filaments--run
longitudinally throughout the tubules.

• Odontoblast processes divide

--dentinoenamel junction --extend –
enamel-- enamel spindles.
TYPES OF DENTIN

PRIMARY DENTIN
SECONDARY DENTIN
TERTIARY DENTIN
 PRIMARY DENTIN
Formed before root completion.

2 types:
Mantle
Circumpulpal
Mantle First formed. Circumpulpal
Most peripheral part-- Forms bulk.
20µm thick. Collagen fibrils—closely
Collagen fibrils– packed.
argyrophilic—von Korff’s
fibers– Type III collagen.

Less mineralized.
More mineralized.
Matrix vesicles–
Mineralizes by
mineralization– Mantle
globular/linear pattern.
dentin.
Globular mineralization.
 SECONDARY DENTIN
• After root formation---completed.
• Slower deposition.
• Not deposited evenly.
• Greater– roof and floor of pulp chamber.
• Fewer tubules.
• Not formed—response to external stimuli.
• A bend --interface of primary and
secondary dentin .
 TERTIARY DENTIN
• Reactive or Reparative dentin.
• Produced---various stimuli.
• Tubules---secondary dentin.
• Sparse---irregular--tubules.
• Cells forming—included---Osteodentin.
• Reactionary dentin– pre-existing cells.
• Reparative dentin– newly differentiated cells.
HISTOLOGIC DETAILS
INCREMENTAL LINES
NEONATAL LINE
INTERGLOBULAR DENTIN
TOMES’ GRANULAR LAYER
 DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

Direct neural Transduction Hydrodynamic

stimulation theory theory
• Nerves present in • Odontoblasts act • Dentinal tubule
the tubules as receptors for containing fluid
responsible. impulse responsible.
transmission.
HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY
AGE AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES
 REPARATIVE DENTIN
Nestin and
External Resolution of Notch
stimuli inflammation proteins
expressed.

Affects Seal off zone Irregular

odontoblasts of injury tubules

Newly Increased
Reparative
differentiated mineral
dentin
cells content.
 DEAD TRACTS

Disintegrated odontoblastic processes.

Empty tubules filled with air.

Black. in transmitted and white in reflected light

Often observed in narrow pulp horns.

Decreased sensitivity, seen in older teeth.

 SCLEROTIC DENTIN
Collage fibers and
Stimuli induces
apatite crystals Blocks tubules
protective changes
appear in tubules

Tubules filled with

Tubule lumen is Area becomes
meshwork of
obliterated. transparent.
crystals.

White in
Especially seen in Reduces transmitted and
root dentin. permeability. black in reflected
light.
SCLEROTIC DENTIN
DEVELOPMENT
 PATTERN OF DENTIN FORMATION
• Begins at the bell stage of tooth development in the
papillary tissue.

• Dentin formation spreads down the cusp slope as far as

the cervical loop of the enamel organ.

• Root dentin forms at a slightly later stage of

development.

• Requires the proliferation of epithelial cells (Hertwig’s

epithelial root sheath).

• Dentin formation continues throughout the life of the

tooth.
 Dental papilla

Ectomesenchymal
Odontoblasts
cells

Dentinogenesis
DIFFERENTIATION OF ODONTOBLASTS
 FORMATION OF MANTLE DENTIN

Formation of organic matrix: appearance of von Korff's

fibers with type III collagen originating from odontoblasts.

Odontoblasts continue to increase in size, small collagen

type I fibrils are produced: Mantle predentin appears.

Matrix vesicles appear, odontoblasts processes appear

which are left in the forming dentin and the cells move pulp
wards..
CONTROL OF MINERALIZATION

Alkaline
Calcium phosphatase
adenosine-
triphosphate

Transport
and release
of mineral
ions

Mineralized Dentin Layer

PATTERN OF MINERALIZATION
 FORMATION OF ROOT DENTIN
 Epithelial cells of Hertwig’s Epithelial root sheath
initiate: differentiation of odontoblasts that form
root dentin.

 Similar to coronal dentin.

 Differences:
 Slower speed
 Orientation of collagen fibers and
organization.
 SECONDARY DENTINOGENESIS

After root formation completed.

Continuation with primary dentin.
Less regular tubules.
Demarcation line.
Tubules absent at certain places.
Crowding of odontoblasts.
 TERTIARY DENTINOGENESIS

Deposited at specific sites.

In response to injury.
Disrupted tubular pattern.
Rapid dentin deposition.
Production of collagen is downregulated.
Bone sialoprotein and osteopontin is up-regulated.
 DENTIN MATRIX PROTEINS
Odontoblast differentiation: Fibronectin, Decorin, Laminin,
Chondroitin sulphate.

 Pre-odontoblast: TGF, IGF and BMP.

 Proline appears in RER and golgi complex.

 Growth of apatite crystals: Dentin phosphoprotein (DPP).

Inhibits growth of crystals: Osteonectin.

 Gla protein: attract calcium.

 Chondroitin sulphate: prevent transport of crystals.

 MAP1B: odontoblast differentiation.

 PHEX: dentin mineralization.

 REFERENCES

Orban’s Oral Histology & Embryology . 13th Edition. Elsevier

Publication.

Ten Cates’s Oral Histology Development, Structure and Function

8th Edition. Elsevier Publication.

Shafer’s Textbook of Oral Pathology, 7th Edition.