Signal Training

By
Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
JE/S&TC
SIGNALLING

S&TC/DMRC
SIGNAL
 A Signal , therefore, is a medium to
convey a particular pre-determined
meaning in non-verbal form.
 Various methods are used to convey the
meaning of signals in non-verbal convey
a definite information.
TYPES OF SIGNAL
 A:- CAB SIGNAL
 B:- FIXED SIGNAL
 C:- HAND SIGNAL
FIXED SIGNAL
 A SIGNAL OF FIXED LOCATION
INDICATING A CONDITION AFFECTING
THE MOVEMENT OF A TRAIN.
 FIXED SIGNAL USED IN DMRC ARE AS
FOLLOWS:-
1. COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL
2. POSITION LIGHT SIGNAL
COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL
 IT IS A FIXED SIGNAL IN WHICH THE
INDICATIONS ARE GIVEN BY THE COLOUR
OF A LIGHT IN ASPECT ONLY.
 ROUTE SIGNAL
 REPEATER SIGNAL
 BUFFER STOP SIGNAL
 BLOCK SIGNAL
Block Signal
 RED: Stop (Normal, ON, Restrictive aspect)
the first track circuit after the signal is
occupied, or the opposite direction is set.
 VIOLET: Conditional proceed( or clear, OFF,
permissive aspect)
 GREEN: Proceed (or clear, OFF, permissive
aspect) The two block are clear (or the two
blocks are clear and the route signal in
downstream sow the violet or green aspect)
Route signal
 RED: Stop (Normal, ON, Restrictive aspect) Route not set and
locked, or the first track circuit after the signal is occupied,( or
one of the two track circuits for across over).
 VIOLET: Conditional proceed :Rout set and locked, and the
first track circuit after the signal is clear ,( or one of the two
track circuits for across over) or the green aspect is failed.
 GREEN: Proceed :Route set, locked and
The track circuit to the next route signal are clears, and
the overlap locked if necessary.
Or two block are clear (case of downstream block signal)
Route signal
GREEN

VIOLET

RED
Route Indicator
 There are maximum six route in a signal
but in DMRC only two route signals can
be maximum.
 Each route indicator has five lamps, at
least three should be glow.
Type of Route Indicator
Route Indicator

Pivot lamp
Route signal
Repeater Signal
 It is two aspect signal.
 It has only green and violet aspect.
 OVERLAPS

 The length of track in advance of a stop

signal, which should be kept clear before the
signal next in rear can be taken 'OFF' is
known as the signal overlap.
 In other words, to take off a stop signal, the
portion of the track not only up to the next
stop signal but also for an adequate distance
beyond it has to be kept clear. This adequate
distance is known as signal overlap.
Shunt signals
 Shunt signals authorise movement only at
such slow speeds as to be able to stop
short of any obstruction and control
shunting movements.
 Shunt signals can be placed on a separate
post by itself close to the ground or can be
placed below a stop signal other than the
first stop signal of a station.
Shunt signals

The shunt signal have three lights

to display different indications.
SHUNT SIGNAL
OFF

ON
 There are two type of
indications
 The lunar white horizontal lamps: (ON,
restrictive aspect) rout not set and locked, or
if the rout includes track circuit one of them is
occupied.
 Two lunar white lamp at 45o in the left hand
upper quadrant: proceed ( or clear
 , OFF, permissive aspect), Rout set and
locked, and if the route includes track circuits
all of them are clear.
SHUNT SIGNAL

ON

ON POSITION
SHUNT SIGNAL
OFF

OFF POSITION
BUFFER SIGNAL
A fixed red signal is required for:
 The ends of the line;

 The ends of the siding in the line and in

the depot;
 The ends of the test track in the depot;

Fixed red signals are permanently

displayed.
Cascading arrangement
 Cascading arrangement of signals in
such a way, if green signal goes to fail
then violet aspect will lit. and if violet
also goes to fail then signal will go to
blank.
 No cascading for red aspect.
Blanking/non blanking mode
 Green signals are provided with
blanking mode.
 Violet & Red signals are provided with
non-blanking mode.
RELAYS
 QS-3: for DR, HR, RR, UR
 QECX-51: For DECR, H/RECR.
 QECX-1: For UECR
QS-3 RELAY
 Specifications:
 24V DC
 6F/6B
QECX-51
 4F/4B
 Rating:-0.4 Aac
 P.U. : 0.108Aac
QECX-1
 4F/4B
 Rating:-1.4 Aac
 P.U. : 0.78Aac
LAMP SIGNAL
 Lamp voltage:110v
 Bulb: 12V(10.8V-11.5V
 Lamp bulb has double filament
(i) Main filament
(ii) Auxiliary filament
LED ASPECT
 48 LED used in a panel.
 Requires 180mA/110V AC.
 Current regulator.
 HMU (Health Monitoring Unit).
CURRENT REGULATOR
 It is used in two mode :
(i) Blanking mode (Green aspect)
(ii) Non-blanking mode (Violet & Red
aspect)
HMU CARD
8-aspect monitoring card.
(i) HMU ON (Green LED)
(ii) HMU Healthy (Green LED)
(iii) HMU Fail (Red LED)
(iv) Signal Fail (Red LED)
(v) Signal Dim (Green LED)
(vi) Signal Healthy Green LED)
(vii) Current Regulator Fail (Red LED)

(viii) Extra Load Fail (Red LED)

 Circuit Diagram

110V ECR HMU Relay Cable

relay Card Cubical Frame

Continue……
Circuit Diagram

Signal Current LED

Box Regulator Unit
 Circuit diagram
Green Signal
DECR DR
LED UNIT
• 110V
HMU CR
Trouble Shooting

Signal is fail

Verify LED on Check all conditions

NO
vital o/p card For signal
Of ASCV

YES

NO Check the relay &

Whether DR/HR/RR
wiring b/n ASCV & relay
pick
 YES

YES
whether ECR
Relay LATS problem or
pick field problem

NO

Check supply on NO
Check the fuse & wiring
R1 & R2 of For 110V from DR/HR/RR
ECR To ECR
OK
NO
Check on HMU on
IN & OUT Check wiring & card

OK
 NO
Check supply
On cable Check wiring
frame

YES

May be problem in current

Regulator or LED unit
 Signal maintenance
• Breakage of Lens
• Cleaning Lens & Lamps
• Cleaning of Aspect housing
• Lamp & LED functioning
• Earthing verification
• Lamp & LED voltages
 Tools for Signal Maintenance
• Safety belt & PPE items
• Signal key
• Multimeter
• Screwdriver
• Plier
• Brush
• LN key no.04
• Cotton Waste
• Search Light
• Tetra
• Blank Paper