Photorespirasi

Photosynthesis Tanaman C4
Photosynthesis CAM
Fiksasi Reduksi

Regenerasi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dq38MpYOb8w
 85%

Flaveria (Asteraceae), Panicum (Poaceae), Alternanthera

(Amarantheceae).

food crops corn, sorghum, sugarcane and millet ( 0.4%) 

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/phoc.html
Karena kelarutan CO2 menurun
saat suhu tinggi; sensitivitas Rubisco
thdp CO2 juga menurun
Mengurangi efisiensi fotosintesis hingga 55%
 Cross section of leaves

Triosafosfar-3
Malat-C4

Enzim: Rubisco Enzim: PEPC + Rubisco

Kranz Anatomy
chloroplast
Kemampuan C4 10-20 kali lebih besar dibanding C3
opened
 Synthetic glycolate metabolism
pathways stimulate crop growth
and productivity in the field
Paul….
Science  04 Jan 2019:
Vol. 363, Issue 6422, eaat9077
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9077
Three alternative pathways [1 (red), 2 (dark blue), and
3(light blue)] introduced into tobacco chloroplasts for
more efficient recycling of glycolate. RNAi suppresses the
native glycolate/glycerate transporter PLGG1 to prevent
glycolate from leaving the chloroplast and entering the
native pathway (gray).
Three alternative pathways [1 (red), 2 (dark blue), and 3(light
blue)] introduced into tobacco chloroplasts for more efficient
recycling of glycolate. RNAi suppresses the native
glycolate/glycerate transporter PLGG1 to prevent glycolate from
leaving the chloroplast and entering the native pathway (gray).
pH 8

pH 5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=uwOCkEf37Lc
 SH SH
S S SH SH
S S

+ +
Reduced inactive oxidiced active
Thiredoksin enzim thioredksin enzim
Factors affecting photosynthesis
1. Light

All electrons are exited

More light more electrons are exited
2. CO2 level

All RibisCO bind to CO2

More RubisCO bind to CO2

3. Temperature

Enzymes decrease their activities

Water lost increases

Stomata are closed

Tmperature enhances chemical reactions

 4. Water

* Water deficit causes stomata closure*

* Too much water causes limit oxygen in roots
•Water deficit decrease cell turgidity
• water is needed for electron donor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13h5oC4jIsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13h5oC4jIsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13h5oC4jIsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13h5oC4jIsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13h5oC4jIsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13h5oC4jIsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13h5oC4jIsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13h5oC4jIsk
1. Glyoxylat menghambat proses reaksi cyclus calvin
2. Evolusi dari tanaman C3-C4
3. Musin dingin itu apa proses2nya sama seperti musim biasa (bukan 4 musim)