CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO

MANAGEMENT
(SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT)

Submitted By:
Suhrud Kishor Das
Abinash Rout
Ipsita Sahoo
Bapuji Mallik
Sarbeswar Das

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Scientific Management
Scientific Management is a theory of
management that analyzes and synthesizes
workflow.
Its main objective is improving economic
efficiency, especially labor productivity.
One of the earliest attempts to apply science
to the engineering of processes and to
management.
Scientific management sometimes known as
Taylorism after F.W. Taylor.
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Advantages
 Enhanced teamwork-
Cooperation between
managers and workers.
 Better planning and
decision making.
 Improved economic and
work efficiency.
 Increased opportunities for
workers to aquire scientific
training.
 Reduced waste.
Disadvantages
 Influences feeling of
pressure among the
workers.
 May demotivate workers.
 Managerial decisions may
involve strictness and stress
due to need of complete
control over the workplace
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Taylor's 4 principles of scientific
management
Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with
methods based on scientific study of task.
Scientifically select, train and develop each worker
rather than passively leaving them to train
themselves.
Cooperate with the workers to ensure that
developed methods are followed.
Divide work nearly equally between managers and
workers so that managers apply scientific
management planning and workers actually
perform the works.
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 Generally it is assumed that the interests of
the employee and employer are the opposite.
But scientific management puts the claim that
the interests of both parties are the same.
If the employer cannot provide the
employee's welfare they cannot ensure their
own welfare on the long term.
So, the employer should make an effort to
pay high salary as much as he can.

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Time Studies by Taylor
 To scientifically determine the optimal
way to perform a job, he performed
experiments he called Time studies.

It was characterized by the use of

stopwatch to time a worker's sequence of
motion.

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Some examples of time and motion
studies:

1. The science of shoveling:

Taylor ran time studies to determine that the optimal weight a

worker should lift in shovel was 21 lbs.

• Shovel should be sized to hold only 21 lbs of substance.

• The result was 3 times increase in

productivity. Thus increased wage for workers.

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Some examples of time and motion
studies:
2. Pig Iron

• Workers were moving 12.5 tons of pig iron per day.

• It was increased to 47.5 tons per day.

By conducting experiments, managers could determine optimal time of

lifting and resting.

• However only 1/8th of workers were capable of doing it. • This suggests
that workers should be

selected according to how well they are

suitable for a particular job.

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Effect of Scientific Management Techniques
on today's Human Resources Management

Taylor's personnel selection philosophies are

acceptable in today's management science.
Previously it was assumed that anybody can
do anything.
But scientific management highlights
importance of recruiting the right personnel
and training of them.

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Applications of Taylor’s Philosophies in Recruitment

Work analysis is implemented

Personality tests are applied to determine the

candidates who are apt for the job
requirements

Recruitment interviews are held via semi-

structured behavioral interview techniques.

Candidates are eliminated based on their

competence evaluations.
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Conclusion
Taylor
has substantially contributed to today's
human resources management.

His theories form a basis for personnel selection, being one

of the most important functions of personnel management.

Although he has been criticized for putting the human factor

into the background. Taylor was effective in the
development of long term employment by suggesting
recruiting the
personnel by means of scientific methods.

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THANK YOU

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