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Concept Map

Understanding Physical
Physics Quantities

INTRODUCTION
TO
PHYSICS

Scientific
Measurement
Investigation

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 1.1

Understanding Physics

 Physics is a branch of scientific which studies physical

and natural phenomena around us.

 Example…?

 ‘Physikos’ (Greek) - nature

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 1.1

Understanding Physics

Measurement Optic Force/Motion Electronic

Astronomy Wave Nuclear Heat 4

 1.1

Understanding Physics

1 Observation Use the sense to feel the daily phenomenon

Perform an experiment to study the required

2 Experiment
characteristic of the phenomenon

Suggest measurement for the theory and modify

3 Theory it if necessary

Suggest the cause of the phenomenon studied

4 Investigation through the experiment

Invention of technology based on the theories

5 Application of physics
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 1.1

Understanding Physics

Science
Manipulative
Process Skill
Skill

Explanation? Explanation?

Example? Example?

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 1.1

Understanding Physics
Industry
Ok guys…. Engineerin
What your ambition…? g

Researcher

Education

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 1.2

Base & Derived Quantities

Physical quantities

Temperature Mass

Unit

24 °C 2.0 kg

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Magnitude
 1.2

Base & Derived Quantities

-physical quantity which can’t be defined in term of other physical quantities

Base quantity Symbol SI unit Symbol of unit

Length l metre m
Mass m kilogram kg
Time t second s

Temperature T kelvin K

Current I ampere A
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 1.2

Base & Derived Quantities

-used to represent physical quantities which are very big or very small in SI unit

Multiplication Multiplication
Prefix Symbol factor Prefix Symbol factor

Tera T x 1012 Centi c x 10 -2

Giga G x 109 Mili m x 10 -3

Mega M x 106 Micro μ x 10 -6

Kilo k x 103 Nano n x 10 -9

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Deci d x 10 -1 Pico p x 10
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 1.2

Base & Derived Quantities

- standard form to represent data/value as neat, short and easily compared

A  10 n

Where 1 < A < 10 and n is +ve/-ve integer

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 1.2

Base & Derived Quantities

x multiplication factor

Prefix
Prefix Base
Baseunit
unit

÷ multiplication factor

prefix Multiplication factor

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1000 km = 1000 x 10 m

unit 12
 1.2

Base & Derived Quantities

-produced from combination of base quantities either multiplication/division/both

Area (A) Volume (V)

l l

l
l l

Area (A) = length x length Volume (V) = length x length x length

=m x m =m x m x m
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= m2 = m3
 1.2

Base & Derived Quantities

Density ()
Speed (v) Work (W)
Acceleration (a)
etc…

Force (F)
Momentum (p)
distance Force x Distance
time Pressure (P)
-1 = kg m s -1
x m
=m s = N m @ Joule (J)
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 1.3

Scalar & Vector Quantities

A B

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 1.3

Scalar & Vector Quantities

Two guys want to go the ‘Menara Condong’ with different

way. The guy with bicycle go through from point A to point
B and lastly to point C. The another guy use the short cut
that from point A to point C. Can you find the difference
between them?

Displacement? Distance?

Speed? Velocity?

Scalar quantity? Vector quantity?

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 1.3

Scalar & Vector Quantities

SCALAR – magnitude only

VECTOR – magnitude + direction

Weight?

How about…. Force?

Gravity attraction?
Mass? 17
 1.4

Measurement

Estimation of Measuring
dimension instrument

Vernier Micrometer screw

callipers gauge

Precision…accuracy…sensitivity

Method of error reduction

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 1.4

Measurement

Practical work in
Physics

Measurement

Suitable No Suitable
instrument instrument

Small value Big value

estimation
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 1.4
Measurement
(estimation)
 Determination of a Small Value by Using a Big Sample

Thickness of a piece of paper Volume of a drop of water

thickness of n pieces of paper volume of n drops of water
n pieces of paper n drops of water

Diameter of wire Diameter of a bell bearing

length( ) length( )
n numbers of wire coil n numbers of ball bearing

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 1.4
Measurement
(estimation)
 Determination of a Big Value by Using a Small Sample

Height of a building H h
tan   
L l
h
H   L
l
H
h


l
L 21
 1.4
Measurement
(measuring instruments)

Vernier Callipers Micrometer Screw Gauge

Outer
jaws Vernier scale

Spindle

Main scale
Main scale Thimble
Vernier Rachet
scale

Inner
jaws

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 1.4
Measurement
(measuring instruments)
n ier Call ipers
Ver

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 1.4
Measurement
(accuracy, consistency & sensitivity)

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 1.4
Measurement
(accuracy, consistency & sensitivity)

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 1.4
Measurement
(types of error)

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 1.4
Measurement
(types of error)

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 1.5
Analysing Scientific Investigation

Identify a make formulate

Observation Inference Hypothesis
problem

Measurement & Carry out

Analyze Data
Collect data experiment
make

several time
Proved?
Conclusion Theory /
Suggest new Principle
Failed?
hypothesis

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Step in a scientific method
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Analysing Scientific Investigation

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Analysing Scientific Investigation

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Simple Pendulum
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Analysing Scientific Investigation

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Analysing Scientific Investigation

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Analysing Scientific Investigation

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Analysing Scientific Investigation

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Analysing Scientific Investigation

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 1.5
Analysing Scientific Investigation

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