Unit21 Will/shall 1

In this unit we use future simple tense:-

The forms of Future Tense:

1. Affirmative:

S. + Will + V(base).
We/I + Shall + V(base).
• He will drive his dad's car.
• They will visit Spain.
• We shall pass in the exam.

2. Negative:

S. + Will + not + V(base).

We/I + Shall + not + V(base).
• He won’t drive his dad’s car.
• They won’t visit Spain.
• We shan’t pass in the exam.

3. Question:

Will + S. + V(base) ?
Shall + We/I + V(base) ?
• Will he drive his dad’s car.
• Will they visit Spain.
• Shall we pass in the exam.
Uses of this tense:

1. We use (I will) when we have just decided to do something. when we say I

will do something, we announce our decision.

• I have left the door open. I’ll go and shut it

• ‘Did you phone Lucy?’    ‘no, I forgot. I’ll phone her now.’

2. We can’t use will with present simple (I read, I play, …).

• I’ll go and shut the door.   (not I go and shut).

3.We often use I think I’ll… and I don’t think I’ll… :

• I feel a bit hungry. I think I’ll have something to eat.

• I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. I’m too tired.

 Note: In spoken English the negative form of (Will) is (Won’t) =(I will not)

4. We don’t use will to talk about what we decided before.

• I'm going on holiday next Saturday.   (not I'll go)

• Are you working tomorrow?   (not Will you work)

5. We often use will in these situations:

A. Offering to do something:
• That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it. (not I help)

B. Agreeing to do something:
a : Can you give Tim this book?
b: Sure, I'll give it to him when I see him this afternoon.
C. Promising to do something
• Thanks for lending me the money. I'll pay you back on Friday,
• I won't tell anyone what happened. I promise.

D. Asking somebody to do something (Will you ... ?)

• Will you please turn the music down? I'm trying to concentrate.

6. You can use won't to say that somebody refuses to do something:

• I've tried to give her advice, but she won't listen.

• The car won't start.   (= the car ‘refuses' to start)

Using ( Shall I ... ? Shall we ... ? )

Shall is used mostly in the questions shall I ... ? / shall we ... ?

7. We use ( shall I ... ? / shall we ... ? ) to ask somebody's opinion

(especially in offers or suggestions):

• Shall I open the window? (= Do you want me to open the window?)

• I've got no money. What shall I do? (= What do you suggest?)
• ‘Shall we go?' ‘Just a minute. I'm not ready yet,'

Compare between shall I ... ? and will you ... ?:

• Shall I shut the door?   (= Do you want me to shut it?)
• Will you shut the door?   (= I want you to shut it)
Unit22 Will/shall 2

1. We don’t use will to say what somebody has already arranged or decided
to do:

• Diane is working next week. (not Diane will work)

• Are you going to watch anything on TV this evening? (not Will you
watch)
For ‘is working' and ‘Are you going to ... ?’.

*but often, when we talk about the future, we are not talking about what
somebody has decided to do.

For example:
She'll pass does not mean ‘she has decided to pass'. Joe is saying what
he knows or believes will happen. He is predicting the future. When we
predict a future happening or situation, we use will/won't.

*Some more example:

• ‘Where will you be this time next year?’ I’ll be in Japan.'
• That plate is hot. If you touch it, you'll burn yourself.
• Anna Looks completely different now. You won't recognize her.
• When will you get your exam results?

2. We often use will (I’ll) with:

Probably                • I'll probably be home Late tonight.
(I'm) sure               • Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass.
(I) think                  • Do you think Sarah will like the present we bought her?
(I) don't think       • I don't think the exam will be very difficult.
I wonder               • I wonder what will happen.
3. Generally we use the present (will is also possible), After I hope:
• I hope Kate passes the exam, (or I hope Kate will pass ...)
• I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.

4. Generally we use will to talk about the future, but sometimes we use will
to talk about now.

• Don't phone Anna now. She'll be busy. (= she'll be busy now)

5. Using of ( I shall ... / we shall...):

A. Normally we use shall only with I and we. You can say:
I shall or I will (I'll) we shall or we will (we'll)
• I shall be late this evening, (or I will be)
• We shall probably go to France in June, (or We will probably go)

B. In spoken English we normally use I'll and we'll:

• We'll probably go to France.

C. The negative of shall is (shall not) or (shan't):

• I shan't be here tomorrow. (or I won't be)

D. We Don’t use shall with he/she/it/you/they just we use ( I and We):

• She will be very angry. (not She shall be)
Unit23 I Will and I’m going to

*We describe forms of future tense which we used for Will. Now we will talk about going to.

The forms of this tense:

1. Affirmative:

S. + am/ is/ are + going to + V(base).

• I’m going to call my friend.
• He is going to draw a picture for Gallery.
• We are going to do our best to pass in the exam.

2. Negative:

S. + am not/ isn’t/ aren’t + going to + V(base)

• I am not going to call my friend.
• He isn’t going to draw a picture for Gallery.
• We aren’t going to do our best to pass in the exam.

3. Question:

am/ is/ are + S. + going to + V(base)?

• Am I going to call my friend. (it’s not common to ask yourself, but it’s
right in the term of grammar).
• Is he going to draw a picture for Gallery.
• Are we going to do our best to pass in the exam.
Explanation and Uses of this tense:

Future actions, the difference between will and (be) going to:

A• Will (I’ll): We use will to announce a new decision. The party is a new idea.

B• (be) going to: We use (be) going to when we have already decided to do
something. Helen had already decided to invite lots of people before she
spoke to Dan.

Compare between (I will) and (I’m going to):

• 'Gary phoned while you were out.' ‘OK. I'll call him back.'
• 'Gary phoned while you were out.’ 'Yes, I know. I'm going to call him back.'

• 'Anna is in hospital.' 'Oh really? I didn't know. I'll go and visit her.'
• ‘Anna is in hospital.' ‘Yes, I know. I'm going to visit her this evening.'
Future happenings and situations (predicting the future):-

1. We use both will and going to to predict future happenings and

situations. So you can say:

• I think the weather will be nice later, or

• I think the weather is going to be nice later.
• Those shoes are well-made. They'll last a long time, or
• Those shoes are well-made. They're going to last a long time.

2. When we say something is going to happen, we know this from the

situation now. What is happening now shows that something is going to
happen in the future. For example:

• Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain, (not It will rain)
(We can see that it is going to rain from the clouds that are in the sky now.)
• I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick, (not I think I'll be sick)
(I think I'm going to be sick because I feel terrible now.)
Note: We don’t use will in this type of situation we just use Shall.{2}
Unit24 Will be doing and Will have done:

The forms of Future Continuous:

1. Affirmative:
S. + Will + be + V-ing.
• You will be Waiting for your guests.
• She will be watching horror movies.

2. Negative:
S. + Will not (won’t) + be + V-ing.
• You won’t be Waiting for your guests.
• She won’t be watching horror movies.

3. Question:
Will + S. + be + V-ing?
• Will you be Waiting for your guests.
• Will she be watching horror movies.

The forms of Future Perfect:

1. Affirmative:
S. + Will + have + V(p.p).
• You will have done your work.
• She will have shown her project.

2. Negative:
S. + Will not (won’t) + have + V(p.p).
• You won’t have done your work.
• She won’t have shown her project.

3. Question:
Will + S. + have + V(p.p)?
• Will you have done your work?
• Will she have shown her project?
These examples are the best for understand this Unit:-

Uses of these two subjects:

1. I will be doing something (future continuous)= I will be in the middle of

doing it:

• This time next week I'll be on holiday. I'Ll be lying on the beach or
swimming in the sea.
• You have no chance of getting the job. You'Ll be wasting your time if you
apply for it.

Compare will be (do)ing and will (do):

• Don't phone between 7 and 8. We'Ll be having dinner.
• Let's wait for Liz to arrive and then we'll have dinner.

Compare will be-ing with other continuous forms:

• At 10 o'clock yesterday, Sally was in her office. She was working. (past)
• It's 10 o'clock now. She is in her office. She is working. (present)
• At 10 o'clock tomorrow, she will be in her office. She will be working.
2. We also use will be-ing to talk about complete actions in the future.

For example:-
• The government will be making a statement about the crisis later today.
• Will you be going away this summer?
• Our best player is injured and won't be playing in the game on Saturday.

*In these examples wiLL be -ing is similar to (be) going to ....

3. We use wiLL have (done) (future perfect) to say that something will
already be complete before a time in the future.

For example:
• Sally always leaves for work at 8.30 in the morning. She won't be at
home at 9 o'clock she'll have gone to work.
• We're late. The film wiLL already have started by the time we get to
the cinema.

Compare will have (done) with other perfect forms:

• Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years. (present perfect)
• Next year they wiLL have been married for 25 years.
• When their son was born, they had been married for three years. (past
perfect)