“WE NEVER KNOW THE

WORTH OF WATER TILL THE

WELL IS DRY…’’

(GROUP B)
 SALIVA
Contents:
• Definition
• Ducts
• Ductal Modification
• Composition
• Functions
Definition:
A watery extracellular fluid that
is secreted by the salivary
glands composed of various
electrolytes and enzymes into
the oral cavity.
Salivary Glands

Secretion of Saliva is by 3 major salivary glands and some

other minor salivary glands.
*MAJOR:
Submandibular
Parotid
Sublingual

*MINOR:
Labial
Buccal
Palatal etc
DUCTS
-Exocrine nature (contain ducts)
Striated
Intercalated
Excretory

-Lined by acinar cells

DUCTAL MODIFICATION

Reabsorption and secretion of electrolytes

Hypotonic Saliva
 SECRETION PHASES
2 PHASES

FIRST:
-Acinar release NaCl rich fluid primary saliva

SECOND:
-Ductal Passage
-Reabsorbing NaCl secondary saliva
-Secreting KHCO3
Nervous Control
Sympathetic Stimulation:
(By superior cervical ganglion)
Release neurotransmitter?

Decreased production by acinar cells thick mucus

secretion

Parasympathetic Stimulation:
(By medullary centers)
Nerves involved?
Release neurotransmitter?

Increased production by acinar cells more liquid like

secretion
 COMPOSITION OF SALIVA
- Saliva is composed mainly of Water 99%
-Inorganic ions, Glycoproteins, and other
substances 1% or less.

Normal pH of Saliva is (6.2) - (7.6)

INORGANIC SUBSTANCES :

Sodium Na
Potassium K+
Calcium Ca
Bicarbonate HCO3-
Bromide Br-
Chlorine Cl-
Fluoride F-
Phosphate PO4 3-
*ORGANIC PART OF *OTHER ORGANIC
SALIVA : SUBSTANCES :
*Amylase Immunoglobins (IgG and IgM)
*Maltase Blood clotting factors
*Lingual lipase Amino acids
Urea
*Lysozymes
Uric Acid
*Carbonic Anhydrase Glucose
*Kalikerins Various Lipids
Hormones
*PROPORTION OF THESE
COMPONENTS DEPENDS UPON:

Source, Nature, And Intensity of Secretory

Stimulus and Time of the Day.
Presenters :

TOOBA BINTE NADEEM ( Overview and Ductal Modifications )

MAHNOOR ZAHEER ( Composition of Saliva )

KOMAL OMER ( Functions of Saliva )

RASHMEEN ARSHAD ( Conclusion )