WRITING PART II

AN ESSAY
PHẦN 2: CÁCH VIẾT TỪNG
PHẦN CỦA MỘT BÀI IELTS
ESSAY
HOÀN CHỈNH
• Mở bài thường sẽ bao gồm 2 câu:
câu đầu tiên dùng để đưa ra thông tin chung về chủ đề
và câu thứ 2 dùng để trả lời câu hỏi hoặc báo hiệu cho người
chấm về nội dung của bài viết.
• Cách thứ nhất - TRỰC TIẾP PARAPHRASE LẠI CÂU CHỦ ĐỀ Ở ĐỀ BÀI:
Ví dụ với topic sau:
In some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone
nowadays than in the past. Do you think this is a positive or negative
development?

Với câu chủ đề là: “In some countries, many more people are choosing
to live alone nowadays than in the past”
• Making profit=earn money
• Impossible=undeniable
• Reasons= causes
• Higher education= tertiary education
• To pursue tertiary education=To have access to tertiary education
• Increasing level= emergency
• Development of economy= economic growth.
• Discrimination= inequality
• Happen=exist
• The main factor= play important roles
•
Some people say that the bicycles are a
good, modern means of transportation.
Other say riding a bicycle has clear
disadvantages.
Discuss both view points and give your
own opinion.
• Mode/way/means/form of transportation/travelling
• potential safety concerns.
• On the one hand
• On the other hand
• Opponents # proponents
• in harsh weather conditions
• For example= for instance = Take the case of=
• come with obvious risks of
• slippery roads
• fatality and serious injury rates from bike accidents
• Completely unprotected in a collision/crash.
•
• has copious/myriad benefits
• is regarded as the most economic means of travelling
• cost of fuels, insurances or parking lots
• daily cost of commuting
• curb negative effects of global warming
• burn any fossil fuels
• release any more Carbon emissions in the atmosphere.
• Another point worth noting is that
• enhance physical fitness and health conditions
• A study showed that
• mitigate the risks of diabetes or bad lipid disorders
• cycling has advantages in terms of
• There are some methods to support ideas/details
1.Give the explanation ( clear, correct, reasonable, reliable)
Eg: Firstly, riding is regarded as the most economic means of travelling. The
riders do not need pay for the cost of fuels, insurances or parking lots, which
may reduce their daily cost of commuting.
2. Give statistics (correct, mentioned source)
Eg: Another point worth noting is that cycling can enhance physical fitness and
health conditions. A study showed that a daily thirty minutes riding can
mitigate the risks of diabetes or bad lipid disorders.
3. Give examples (popular, relevant)
Eg: Cycling is not an ideal form of transportation in harsh weather conditions
like in the heavy rain or snow. Take the case of Moscow where the temperature
reaches freezing point in winter. In such extreme weather, riding in the snow
may come with obvious risks of getting cold and facing with slippery roads
 MAIN IDEA
PLAYING SPORT IS A VERY GOOD ACTIVITY

IDEA 1 IDEA 2 IDEA 3

IMPROVE IMPROVE MAKE FRIENDS
YOUR HEALTH TEAMWORK SKILL

DETAIL DETAIL DETAIL DETAIL DETAIL DETAIL

COOPERATE OBEY LEADER’S TEAMMATES OPPONENTS

KEEP IN AVOID WITH ORDERS
SHAPE ILLNESSES TEAMMATES
 Cause & Solutions – Structure
• Avoid overgeneralizations
• “As everyone knows…”
• and “It cannot be denied…”. 
• Also avoid clichés, such as
• “Nowadays, more and more people…”,
• and “With the development of modern technology/society…”
Today more people are overweight than
ever before. What in your opinion are
the primary causes of this? What
measures can be taken to overcome
this epidemic?
•Introduction (2 sentences)
•Body paragraph 1 – causes (5 sentences)
•Body paragraph 2 – solutions (5 sentences)
•Conclusion (2 sentences)
 INTRODUCTION
• Write your introduction in two sentences:
• Sentence 1 - paraphrase the statement (you can use ‘nowadays/today/these days’ to
start):
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly growing. 
The increasing level of obesity is becoming a major concern in many countries nowadays
• Sentence 2 - say what you’ll write about in your essay:
There are several causes of this issue and a range of measures can be taken to address
this situation.
• This essay will examine the main causes of obesity and possible solutions of this
problem.
 BODY
• Body paragraph 1 - causes
• Sentence 1 - state all the main causes of obesity:
In my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and
unhealthy eating habits.
• Sentences 2-3 - describe the first cause. Assume that your examiner has
no knowledge in this area and you have to explain all the details to him.
Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less
physical demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This
results in burning less calories and gaining weight.
• Sentences 4-5 - describe the second cause. Don’t forget that it’s useful
to give examples while describing causes!
Moreover, the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people,
who eat irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food.
For example, about 50% of the adult population in Europe with so-
called disordered eating suffer from obesity. 
• Body paragraph 2 - effects
• Sentence 1 - state all the possible solutions:
There are measures which could be implemented to deal with these root
causes of obesity.

• Sentences 2-3 - explain the first effect and give explain all the details to him

Firstly, parents are expected to keep an eye on their children's eating habit
as well as ensure that they have a healthy diet. Simple ways to reduce fat
intake in children’s diets include cutting down on how much fat and sugar
a child eats and drinks everyday, eating healthy snacks such as fruit and
veggies.
• Sentences 4-5 - explain the THIRD and forth solution and support it with
an example:
• In addition to this, the government plays an integral role in investing
money to build up the public fitness centers for their citizen.
Furthermore, they also should have some campaigns about the negative
effects of obesity in order to many people can get to gain a better
understanding of it.
• Lastly, teachers should encourage their students to take part in a sports
club as well as organize more outdoor learning activities at school.
•
• Conclusion
• For the conclusion you need simply to restate the problem and sum
up the causes and solutions that you described in your body
paragraphs:
In conclusion, Obesity rising to alarming levels and is considered a
global epidemic due to its severe effects on human health. To tackle
this problem is not only the effort of each individual but also the
cooperation of the world community.
• The increasing level of obesity is becoming a major concern in many countries nowadays. This essay will
highlight some key reasons why obesity is a challenging dilemma in the modern world and will propose a
range of measures that can be taken to address this situation..
• In my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits. Today
more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical demands at work and prefer
inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories and gaining weight. Moreover, the problem
is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat irregularly and consume large portions of
high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the adult population in Europe with so-called disordered
eating suffer from obesity.
• There are measures which could be implemented to deal with these root causes of obesity. Firstly,
parents are expected to keep an eye on their children's eating habit as well as ensure that they have a
healthy diet. In addition to this, the government plays an integral role in investing money to build up the
public fitness centers for their citizen. Furthermore, they also should have some campaigns about the
negative effects of obesity in order to many people can get to gain a better understanding of it. Lastly,
teachers should encourage their students to take part in a sports club as well as organize more outdoor
learning activities at school.
• In conclusion, Obesity rising to alarming levels and is considered a global epidemic due to its severe
effects on human health. To tackle this problem is not only the effort of each individual but also the
cooperation of the world community.(261 words)
• Physical inactivity. Sedentary people burn fewer calories than people who are
active.
• Overeating. Overeating leads to weight gain, especially if the diet is high in fat.
Foods high in fat or sugar (for example, fast food, fried food, and sweets) have
high energy density (foods that have a lot of calories in a small amount of
food). Epidemiologic studies have shown that diets high in fat contribute to
weight gain.
• Genetics. A person is more likely to develop obesity if one or both parents are
obese. Genetics also affect hormones involved in fat regulation. For example,
one genetic cause of obesity is leptin. If, for some reason, the body cannot
produce enough leptin or leptin cannot signal the brain to eat less, this control
is lost, and obesity occurs.
• Social issues: There is a link between social issues and obesity. Lack of money
to purchase healthy foods or lack of safe places to walk or exercise can
increase the risk of obesity.
These days people in some countries are
living in a “throwaway” society which means
people use things in a short time then throw
them away.
What are its causes and what impacts can it
have?
 BODY PARAGRAPH 1
• Body 1: Nguyên nhân của a “throw-away” society – 2
nguyên nhân chính
• 1st idea: Thói quen tiêu dùng các sản phẩm có vòng đời ngắn
dẫn đến sự sản xuất với lượng lớn loại sản phẩm này.
• Support: Thị trường tràn lan các sản phẩm rẻ và dùng một lần.
• 2nd idea: Ngành công nghiệp quảng cáo ảnh hương đến mục đích
mua hàng của người tiêu dùng.
• Support: (cho ví dụ) Mua quần áo vì nhu cầu mặc đẹp và thời
trang.
 BODY PARAGRAPH 2
• Body 2: Vấn đề của a “throw-away” society – 2 vấn đề chính
• 1st idea: Gây hại cho môi trường.
• Support idea: Những sản phẩm bỏ đi sẽ trở thành rác, số ít được
sử lý đúng cách còn phần lớn là không thể tái chế; gây ô nhiễm
nước và không khí.
• 2nd idea : gây hại cho cá nhân.
• Support idea: trở thành nạn nhân của nghiện mua sắm dẫn đến mắc nợ
• tend to throw away items
• purchase the latest versions of things
• could be the first culprit of this problem
• encourages people to purchase goods and use
services
• improve a person’s self-image, confidence and even
social status
• turned into an obsessive activity
• wealthy and fashionable
• in good condition and perfectly functional
• mass production of non-recyclable products
• a busy and ready-made social lifestyle
• Disposable goods
• attract a large amount of customers
• Foam or plastic food containers
• take-out restaurants and kiosks
• get easily into serious debt
• get into the habit of shopping for unnecessary things
• Environmental degradation
• a huge amount of hazardous waste
• discharged into the natural environment