Chapter 9

Sinusoids and Phasors

 Delta-to-wye and wye-to-delta conversions

 Phase Sifters.
 AC Bridges.
 Problem Solutions

Huseyin Bilgekul
Eeng224 Circuit Theory II
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Eastern Mediterranean University Eeng224 1
 Y-Δ and Δ-Y Equivalent Circuits
 Y-Δ and Δ-Y type equivalent conversions will be most useful when considering Three
Phase circuits.
 Impedances Z1, Z2 and Z3 are are Y connected.
 Impedances Za, Zb and Zc are Δ connected.
 Y and Δ forms can be eqivalently converted from one form to the other.
 Y-Δ and Δ-Y conversions are valid for impedances as well as resistive circuits.

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 Y-Δ and Δ-Y Equivalent Circuits
 Y-Δ and Δ-Y type equivalent conversions will be useful when considering Three
Phase circuits in Chapter 12.

  Y Conversion
Y   Conversion Zb Zc
Z Z  Z 2 Z3  Z3 Z1 Z1 
Za  1 2 Z a  Zb  Zc
Z1
Za Zc
Z Z  Z 2 Z 3  Z3 Z1
Zb  1 2
Z2 
Z2 Z a  Zb  Zc
Z Z  Z 2 Z3  Z3 Z1 Z a Zb
Zc  1 2 Z3 
Z3 Z a  Zb  Zc Eeng224 3
 Balanced Y-Δ and Δ-Y Equivalent Circuits
 A delta (Δ) or Y (wye) circuit is balanced if it has equal impedances in all three
branches.
 Y-Δ and Δ-Y conversions is very simple for balanced circuits.

Balanced Impedance Conversions:

ZY  Z1  Z 2  Z 3
Z  Z a  Zb  Zc
1
Z  3ZY ZY  ZY
3 Eeng224 4
Find I in the circuit
given? Converting Δ
Connection to Y
form, we obtain

Converting to Y form, we
can simplify the circuit by
combining the parallel and
series elements

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P.P.9.12 Continued

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 Phase Shifters (Leading Output)
 Phase shifting is employed to correct undesirable phase shift of the AC voltage.

Vo R R XC
   tan 1
, XC   1
Vi R  jX C R2  X C 2 R C

XC
Vo Leads Vi by  = tan 1

R
XC
Phase of Vi has been changed by  = tan 1
R
Leading Output.

Output Leads the input

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 Phase Shifters (Lagging Output)
 Phase shifting is employed to correct undesirable phase shift of the AC voltage.

1
Vo jC 1 1
     tan 1 ( RC )
Vi R  1 1  j RC 1  ( RC ) 2
jC
Vo Laggs Vi by  = tan 1 ( RC )

Lagging Output.

Output Lags the input

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P.P.9.13 Design an RC circuit that provide 90° lagging phase shift. Find the output
voltage if 10 Volt is applied.

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 AC Bridges
 The AC bridge is Balanced when no current flows through the meter.
AC bridges are used in measuring inductance and capacitance values.

A general AC bridge circuit

Z2 Zx
V1  Vs  V2  Vs
Z1  Z 2 Z3  Z x
Z2 Zx
  Z 2 Z 3  Z1Z x
Z1  Z 2 Z 3  Z x
Z3
Zx  Z2
Z1
Z x Unknown value necessary for balancing the bridge
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 AC Bridges
 Unknown capacitance and inductances Cx and Lx are measured in terms of
the known standard values Cs and Ls

AC Bridge for measuring L AC Bridge for measuring C.

R2 R1
Lx  Ls Cx  Cs
R1 R2 Eeng224 12
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Chapter 9, Problem 41.

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Chapter 9, Problem 51.

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Ch 9, Prob 55. Find Z in the network given that VO  40 Volt

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Chapter 9, Problem 77 a) Calculate the phase shift at 2 Mhz.
b) Calculate the frequency at which phase shift is 45 degree.

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Chapter 9, Problem 77 a) Calculate the phase shift at 2 Mhz.
b) Calculate the frequency at which phase shift is 45 degree.

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