RETINA

by : dr. Hajirah Salam

Ophtalmology Department
Medical Faculty of Andalas University
M.Djamil Hospital Padang
2019
Anatomy
 A thin and transparent structure

 Multiple layer from inner to outer.

 Extend from the optic disc to the ora serrata.

 Can be seen by ophtalmoscopy

(retina itself, including with its vessel and optic
nerve ).
Stratification
 RPE
 Relatively simple layer
 Consist of a monolayer of hexagonal cells
 Functions :
 Vitamin A metabolism
 Maintanance of blood-retina barrier
 Light absorption
 Heat exchange
Neurosensory retina

Neuronal Glial

Vascular
Neuronal Elements
 Highly Complex

 Photoreceptor layer (rods and cones)

 Bipolar cells

 Horizontal cells

 Amakrin cells

 Ganglion cells

 Axon of the opticnerve

Glial Elements Vascular Elements
 Known as Muller cells, extends from  Retina is perfused by branches of the
ELM to ILM. central retinal artery (inner) and 30%
perfused by cilioretinal artery.

 Function : To support and give nutrition

to the retina  Analogues to Cerebral blood vessel to
maintain the inner blood vessel
Macula

 Area within the temporal vascular

arcades.

 Macula Lutea is yellow spot in central

retina ( zeaxanthin and lutein )

 Fovea is a concave part of central retina.

 Foveola is a central depression within

thefovea.
Ora Serrata

 Boundary between retina and pars plana

 Tophography smooth temporally and serrated nasally

 Watershed zone
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