LESSON 6

Global Governance
Prepared by: Glenna G. Apostol
 Global Governance

CONTENTS Criticisms

Gaps
Global Governance As defined by WHO (2015), global
governance is understood as “the way in
which global affairs are managed”.

As there is no global government, global

governance typically involves a range of
actors
(a) states;
(b) regional organizations;
(c) international organizations
Global Governance
“...Thus, global governance is
thought to be an international
process of consensus-forming
which generates guidelines and
agreements that affect national
governments and international
corporations.” (WHO, 2015).
Global Governance
It is a product of neoliberal paradigm
shifts in international political and
economic relations.

This reinforces the divergence of views

about how to define the concept of
global governance.
Criticisms over
Global Governance

It supports the neoliberal ideology

of globalization and reduce the
role of the state (and thus its
sovereignty) to that of an adjusting
body for the implementation of
international policies.
Criticisms over
Global Governance

Some argue that, as a result, the

interests of the poorest people and
nations will be ignored unless they
have a direct impact on the global
economy.
Gaps over
Global Governance

Three Primary Gaps (WHO, 2015)

1. Juridical Gap
2. Incentive Gap
3. Participation Gap
Gaps over
Global Governance
Three Primary Gaps (WHO, 2015)
1. Juridical Gap - increasing need for global
governance i.e. health, lack of authority or jurisdiction

2. Incentive Gap - the need for international

cooperation and the motivation

3. Participation Gap - international

cooperation remains primarily the affair of governments,
leaving civil society groups
Gaps over
Global Governance
Five Particular Gaps (Thakur and Weiss, 2015)
1. Knowledge Gaps
2. Normative Gaps
3. Policy Gaps
4. Institutional Gaps
5. Compliance Gaps
Gaps over
Global Governance
Five Particular Gaps (Thakur and Weiss, 2015)
1. Knowledge Gaps
“...the first step in eventually addressing a problem that
goes beyond the capacity of states to solve is actually
to recognize its existence, to understand that there is
a problem. Next, it is necessary to collect solid data
that challenge the consensus about the nature of the
problem, to diagnose its causes--in short, to explain the
problem”.
Gaps over
Global Governance
Five Particular Gaps (Thakur and Weiss, 2015)
2. Normative Gaps
After we understand that an issue exists, it is important
to establish (and develop) norms to address that
problem. This often forms within societies, but
international organizations such as the United Nations
also have a role to form law on the issues.
Once we know about a situation, many can work to
shape norms about how we in the global community
can respond to what is taking place.
Gaps over
Global Governance
Five Particular Gaps (Thakur and Weiss, 2015)
3. Policy Gaps
It is related to the specific policies that one
can implement in order to address the stated
problem that concerns global issues.
i.e. individuals, civil society, UN
Gaps over
Global Governance
Five Particular Gaps (Thakur and Weiss, 2015)
4. Institutional Gaps
These are the challenges of implementing
any policies that are put forth by the
international community.
i.e. environmental rights abuses, war crimes,
human rights
Gaps over
Global Governance
Five Particular Gaps (Thakur and Weiss, 2015)
5. Compliance Gaps
It is one of the final challenges with regards to
global governance. This includes effective
implementation, as well as enforcement.
“recalcitrant or fragile actors may be unwilling or unable to
implement agreed elements of international policy, for
example a ban on commercial whaling, the acquisition of
proliferation-sensitive nuclear technology and material, or the
cross-border movement of terrorist material and personnel”.
With globalization, it is more visible
to observe that states and even
non-state actors come into mutual
cooperation and shared visions
through formation of organizations
and/or pact, which led to the now
so-called global governance.
THANK YOU!