• orafacial clefts

• conotruncal heartdefects
• neural tube defects
• and limb reduction defects
Takamura et all, Japanese guidelines for allergic conjunctival diseases.2017
FDA : Medicine Use During Pregnancy,2015
Class Topical Steroid

Natasha L Herz MD, AAO, 2016

WHO classification of topical corticosteroids, 2011
Distribution
Transcorneal absorption

Accumulation in aqueous humor

Distribution to intraocular structures

Trabecular meshwork pathway

Distribution to systemiccirculation
Enzymatic biotransformation of ocular drugs- significant
Inhibit topical steroid to systemic
• When eye drops are dispensed onto the surface of the eye, they remain there
for only a short time even when ophthalmic ointments are used. If the patient
presses the medial eye-nose corner (so-called puncta compression), this can
retard the diffusion of the drug into the lacrimal drainage. It has been estimated
that the ocular bioavailability of the active compound in eye drops is very poor,
a mere 5 -10%. Other factors can contribute to their low bioavailability, namely
binding to proteins and metabolizing enzymes in the lacrimal fluid, the
thickness of the corneal surface and lacrimal film as well as conjunctival
hyperemia

Anu Vaajanen, 2016

• Odds ratio (OR)
is a measure of how strongly an event is
associated with exposure. The odds ratio is a
ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the
event occurring in an exposed group versus
the odds of the event occurring in a non-
exposed group. Odds ratios commonly are
used to report case-control studies. The odds
ratio helps identify how likely an exposure is
to lead to a specific event. The larger the
odds ratio, the higher odds that the event
will occur with exposure. Odds ratios
smaller than one imply the event has fewer
odds of happening with the exposure
• Confiden interval CI
Gives a range of values for an unknown
parameter (for example, a population mean).
The interval has an associated confidence
level that gives the probability with which an
estimated interval will contain the true value
of the parameter. The confidence level is
chosen by the investigator. For a given
estimation in a given sample, using a higher
confidence level generates a wider (i.e., less
precise) confidence interval. In general terms,
a confidence interval for an unknown
parameter is based on sampling the
distribution of a corresponding estimator
• The propensity score
Probability of treatment
assignment conditional on
observed baseline characteristics.
The propensity score allows one
to design and analyze an
observational (nonrandomized)
study so that it mimics some of
the particular characteristics of a
randomized controlled trial
Austin, 2016