Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DHCP
DHCP
Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol
DHCP còn cung cấp thông tin cấu hình khác: như DNS.
Hiện nay DHCP có 2 version: cho IPv4 và IPv6.
11 DHCPclient
DHCP clientbroadcasts
broadcastsaaDHCPDISCOVER
DHCPDISCOVERpacket
packet
22 DHCPservers
DHCP serversbroadcast
servers broadcast
broadcastaaaDHCPOFFER
broadcast DHCPOFFERpacket
DHCPOFFER packet
packet
33 DHCPclient
DHCP clientbroadcasts
broadcastsaaDHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUESTpacket
packet
44 DHCPServer1
DHCP Server1broadcasts
broadcastsaaaDHCPACK
broadcasts DHCPACK packet
DHCPACKpacket
DHCPACK packet
packet
DHCP
DHCP Client
Client
DHCP
DHCP
Server1
Server1
50%
100%
50% of
87.5%
50%
87.5%
50% lease
of
ofoflease
of
of lease
oflease
lease
lease
lease
duration
duration
duration
duration
duration has
has
durationhas
duration has
has
has
has
expired
expired
expired
expired
expired
expired
DHCP Client
client
Client sends
sends
sends aaits
DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST packet
packet
1the
IfIf the DHCPfails
1 client
client client
fails to renewait’s
to renew DHCPREQUEST
its lease,
lease,after packet
after50%
87.5%
50% of
ofof
the
the
the lease
lease
lease duration
has
duration
has
expired,
has expired, thenthen
expired, the DHCP
then the
the DHCP
leaselease
DHCP generation
lease renewal
renewalprocess
process
processstarts
will
will begin
over again
begin again
again
after
with
after DHCP
22 a87.5%
DHCPof
87.5% Server1
client
the
Server1
of sends
the lease
sends
lease aa DHCPACK
broadcasting
duration
duration ahas packet
DHCPDISCOVER
DHCPACK
has expired
packet
expired
DHCP
DHCP Server2
Server2
DHCP
DHCP Client
Client Unauthorized
DHCP
DHCP authorization
authorization isis the
the process
process of
of registering
registering the
the DHCP
DHCP Server
Server service
service in
in the
the Active
Active Directory
Directory domain
domain to
to
support
support DHCP
DHCP clients
clients
DHCP
DHCP Server
Server
LAN A LAN B
Scope
Scope AA Scope
Scope BB
Scope
Scope Properties
Properties
Workstation
Workstation 11 File
File and
and Print
Print
Server
Server
Subnet
Subnet AA Subnet
Subnet BB
DHCP
DHCP Server
Server
Workstation
Workstation 22
IP
IP Address1:
Address1: Leased
Leased to
to Workstation
Workstation 11
IP
IP Address2:
Address2: Leased
Leased to
to Workstation
Workstation 22
IP
IP Address3:
Address3: Reserved
Reserved for
for File
File and
and Print
Print Server
Server
DHCP
DHCP Relay
Relay Agent
Agent DHCP
DHCP Server
Server
Unicast
Broadcast Broadcast
Subnet A Subnet B
Routers
Routers
(Non–RFC
(Non–RFC 1542
1542
Compliant)
Compliant)
Client
Client Client
Client Client
Client Client
Client
Client2
Client2
Client2 Router
Router
Router
Router Client3
Client3 Client3
Client3
Client1
Client1
Client1
Client1 Non-RFC 1542
(Non–RFC Compliant
Non-RFC 15421542
(Non–RFC Compliant)
Compliant
1542 Compliant)
11 Client1
Client1 broadcasts
broadcasts aa DHCPDISCOVER
DHCPDISCOVER packet
packet
22 Relay
Relay agent
agent forwards
forwards the
the DHCPDISCOVER
DHCPDISCOVER message
message to
to the
the DHCP
DHCP server
server
33 Server
Server sends
sends aa DHCPOFFER
DHCPOFFER message
message to
to the
the DHCP
DHCP relay
relay agent
agent
44 Relay
Relay agent
agent broadcasts
broadcasts the
the DHCPOFFER
DHCPOFFER packet
packet
55 Client1
Client1 broadcasts
broadcasts aa DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST packet
packet
66 Relay
Relay agent
agent forwards
forwards the
the DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST message
message to
to the
the DHCP
DHCP server
server
77 Server
Server sends
sends aa DHCPACK
DHCPACK message
message to
to the
the DHCP
DHCP relay
relay agent
agent
88 Relay
Relay agent
agent broadcasts
broadcasts the
the DHCPACK
DHCPACK packet
packet
NGUYỄN HỮU TRUNG 31
VII. DHCP Relay Agent
Cho phép forwarding gói tin trong mạng cục bộ, vì vậy DHCP server có thể phục vụ cho
nhiều IP subnet.
Ví Dụ:
Có 2 NETID khác nhau, nối với nhau thông qua Router
DHCP client muốn nhận IP động từ DHCP sever thì phải truyền bằng tín hiệu Broadcast,
nhưng Router là 1 thiết bị có chức năng "CHẶN TÍN HIỆU BROADCAST" cho nên DHCP
client ko thể nhận IP từ DHCP được, do đó mới cần đến DHCP relay agent
DHCP client gừi tín hiệu cho DHCP replay agent, DHCPrelay agent gừi tiếp sang cho DHCP
sever, DHCP server nhận được gửi trả lại kết quả cho DHCP relay agent, DHCP relay agent
trả kết quả lại cho DHCP Client
DHCP sever và DHCP replay agent liên lạc với nhau bằng tín hiệu Unicast(1 máy tới 1 máy)
Tóm lại: DHCP RELAY AGENT là điểm 1 trung gian
DHCP
DHCP Relay
Relay Agent
Agent 22
Hop Count = 2
DHCP
DHCP Relay
Relay Agent
Agent 11
DHCP
DHCP Server
Server