Environmental

Chemistry
Presented By: Javaid Hassan
Primary and Secondary Pollutants

Primary Pollutants Secondary Pollutants

Are those which are produced by: Are those which are produced
a) Waste products given out from from primary pollutants through
chimneys of industries. various reactions in the
b) From exhausts of automobile. atmosphere.
Total Number = 8 Pollutants. Total Number: 9 Pollutants.
i. CO and Hydrocarbons. i. Acids (HF, H2CO3,
ii. NO and NH3. HNO3 ,H2SO4)
iii. SOx. ii. Aldehydes and Ketones.
iv. Compounds of fluorine. iii. Ozone.
v. Radioactive Material. iv. Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) .
v. Peroxybenzool (POB).
 Water Treatment
• Water Pollutants:
Following are the pollutants that effect the quality
of water:
1. Livestock Waste.
2. Oil Spillage.
3. Detergents.
4. Pesticides.
5. Industrial water effluents.
6. Leather Tanneries.

• Factors used in measuring the quality of water:

i. Dissolved Oxygen. (DO)
ii. Biological Oxygen Demand. (BOD)
iii. Chemical Oxygen Demand. (COD)
• Purification of water:
The raw water is treated to remove all the foreign
materials and make it useable for drinking and other domestic purposes. The
treatment is carried out in following various stages:
i. Aeration: (To remove dissolved gasses and foul smell, organosulphur
compounds and volatile organic compounds)
ii. Coagulation: The materials which are suspended or present in the colloidal
form in raw water are removed by coagulation. The coagulant such as aluminum
sulphate or alum is added to the raw water, which causes the precipitation of
suspended impurities
iii. Water Disinfection By Chlorine: Chlorine is frequently used to
disinfect water. Chlorine treatment is very effective in killing the pathogens that
may cause serious water-borne diseases such as typhoid and cholera which have
killed many thousands of people around the world. The most commonly used
disinfecting agent is hypochlorous acid HOCI.

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