HEAT EXCHANGER

Engr. Neal Janus R. Pacis

Faculty
Learning Outcomes
After careful study of this topic, students should be able to do the
following:

➔ Describe the difference in the temperature profiles for counter-flow

and parallel flow heat exchangers.
➔ Calculate the LMTD and AMTD for heat exchangers.
➔ Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient of a system
➔ Solve problems involving Heat Exchangers
➔ Evaluate performance of Heat Exchangers
Heat Exchanger
Heat exchangers are devices that transfer heat from a warmer fluid
to a cooler fluid.

Examples of Heat Exchangers

1. Oil Coolers in Engine & Turbines

2. Condensers in Steam Power Plant
3. Air Preheater for Furnace
4. Economizers in Boilers
Counter Flow
Parallel Flow
Classification of Heat Exchangers
1. Heat exchanger wherein a fluid at constant temperature given up
heat to colder fluid. The temperature of which gradually increases as it
flow through the device. The heating fluid can be at rest or moving in
any direction
Classification of Heat Exchangers
2. Devices wherein a fluid at constant temperature receives heat from
warmer fluid. The temperature of which decreases as it flows through
the exchanger. The heated fluid can be at rest or moving in any
direction
Classification of Heat Exchangers
3. Parallel flow heat exchangers wherein the fluid flow is in the same
direction and both of them change their temperatures.

4. Counter-flow heat exchanger wherein the fluid flow direction is in

opposite to one another.
Flow Arrangement
LMTD and AMTD

  ∆ T max − ∆ T min
LMTD =
∆ T max
ln
∆ T min

  ∆ T max +∆ T min
AMTD=
2
Design of Heat Exchangers
Q=UA
  (∆ T )
  1
U=
RT

 Q =m c ( cpc ) ( ∆ T )
cold

 Q =m h ( cph ) ( ∆ T )
hot
Example 1
Water enters the condenser at 20°C and leaves at 35°C. What is the
LMTD if the condenser is having a temperature of 45°C.

Solution: T max=45 ℃ − 20 ℃=25 ℃

 

T
 
min =45 ℃ −35 ℃=10 ℃

  25 ℃ −10 ℃
LMTD=
25 ℃
ln
10 ℃

LMTD=16.37 ℃
 
Example 2
A counter flow heat condenser is designed to heat fuel oil from
45°C to 100°C while heating fluid enters at 150°C and leaves at
115°C. Determine the AMTD

Solution:
T
 
max=115 ℃ − 45 ℃=70 ℃

T
 
min =150℃ −100 ℃ =50 ℃

  70℃ +50 ℃
AMTD=
2
AMTD=60 ℃
 
Example 3
A liquid to liquid counter flow heat exchanger is used to heat a
cold fluid from 120°F to 310°F. The hot fluid enters at 500°F and
leaves at 400°F. Find the LMTD.

Solution: T max=400 ℉ − 120 ℉=280 ℉

 

T
 
min =500℉ − 310℉ =190 ℉

  280 ℉ −190 ℉
LMTD=
28 0 ℉
ln
190 ℉

LMTD=232.1℉
 
Example 4
A shell and tube type condenser shown in the figure has 150 tubes,
each of 10cm diameter and 6m length. Dry saturated steam at 0.2 Bar
(tsat = 60.1°C) and (hfg = 2358 KJ/kg) is to be condensed to saturated
water. Cooling water is pumped from a river at 25°C, the temperature
rise of the water is limited to 20K to minimize thermal pollution. The
film coefficients are 10000 W/m².K and 500 W/m².K on the steam
side and water side of the tubes respectively.
Example 4
Required:
a.) quantity of steam that can be condensed per second
b.) velocity of water through tubes, neglect the thermal resistance due
to the tube walls, specific heat of water is 4.2 KJ/kg.K
Example 4   1 1
RT = +
hi ho
T  max=60.1℃ −25 ℃ =35.1℃
  1 1
T  min =60 .1℃ − 45℃ =15.1 ℃ RT = +
W W
500 2 100 00 2
m .K m .K
  35.1 ℃ −15.1℃
LMTD=  R =2.1 x 10 −3 2
m . K / Watt
3 5.1℃ T
ln
15.1℃
  1
LMTD=23.71℃
  U=
RT
  1
U=
2.1 x 10 −3 m2 . K /Watt
  W
U =476.19 2
m .K
Example 4
A=πDL x no . of tubes
   Q=m ( hfg )
s
 A=π ( 0.1 m ) ( 6 m )( 150 ) 3192.27
  KW =m s ( 2358 KJ /kg )
 A=282.74 m 2  m =1.35 kg/ s
s

Q=UA
  (∆ T )
  W
(
Q= 476.19 2
m .K )
( 282.74 m 2 ) (23.71 ℃ )

Q=3192.27 KW
 
 Q=m
w ( cpw ) ( ∆ T )
3192.27
  KW =m w ( 4 .2 KJ /kg . K ) ( 20 K )
m w =38 kg/ s
 
Example 4
  m
𝜌=
V
V  =Av x no . of tubes
kg 38 kg / s   m3 π
 
1000 3 =
m V
0.038
s 4 [
( ) 2
]
= ( 0.1m ) ( v)(150 tubes )

V =0.038 m 3 / s
  v =0.032 m/s
 
Example 5
It is required to design an oil-cooler for cooling 90 kg/hr of oil
from 80°C to 40°C. A shell and tube type counter flow heat exchanger
maybe selected. Cooling water is available at 30°C and its temperature
rise is limited to 25K. The mean velocity of water flowing through the
tube is not to exceed 0.02 m/s. Steel tubes 10mm inner diameter and
1mm wall thickness are to be used. The film coefficient on the water
side and oil side are 1000 and 700 W/m².K respectively. Find the
length and number of tubes required. Specific heat of water and oil are
4.2 and 2.2 KJ/kg.K respectively. Ksteel = 54 W/m.K.
Example 5
Solution:
  25 ℃ −10 ℃
LMTD=
2 5℃
ln
10 ℃

LMTD=16.37 ℃
 

 Q =m oil ( cp oil ) ( ∆T )
oil
T
 
max=80℃ −55 ℃ =25 ℃
  90 kg / hr KJ
T min =40 ℃ −30 ℃=10 ℃
  Qoil = (
3600 sec /hr )( 2.2
kg . K )
( 80 − 40 )
 Q =2 .2 KW
oil
Example 5
  1 x 1
RT = + +
hi k ho
Q=UA
  (∆ T )
  1 0.001 1 2200
  W= ( 408.65 ) ( A ) (16.37 ℃ )
RT = + +
1000 54 700  A=0.33 m2
 R =2.447 x 10−3
T

  1  Q=m
w ( cpw ) ( ∆ T )
U=
RT
  1 2.2
  KW =m w ( 4 .2 KJ /kg . K ) ( 25 K )
U= −3
2.447 x 10 m w =0.021 kg/ s
 

U =408.65 W /m 2 . K
 
Example 5
  m
𝜌=
V
V  =Av x no . of tubes
3
  m π
  kg 0.021 kg / s
1000 3 =
m V
2.1 x 10
−5
s 4 [ ) 2
]
= ( 0.0 1 m ) (0.0 2 m/ s)(n)
(

n=13.37 ≈ 14 tubes
 

V =2.1 x 10−5 m 3 /s
 
  A=π Dm L x no . of tubes
  10 12
2
0.33 m = π [+
1000 1000
2
L x (14 ) ]
  L=0.682m