TRANSPORTATION

INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM
GROUP 2
KEVIN R. CAHANDING
ADRIEL S. DACARA
TOPIC OBJECTIVES
 ROADS, HIGHWAYS, AND BRIDGES
 AIRPORTS, HELIPADS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

SYSTEM AND GROUND FACILITIES

 SEAPORTS AND DRYCOCKS
 MASS TRANSIT (MONORAIL, TRAMS, BUS,

PLATFORMS, STATIONS)
ROADS AND HIGHWAYS
WHAT IS A ROAD?
 It is thoroughfare, route, or way on
land between two places which has
been paved or otherwise improved
to allow travel by some conveyance
including horse, carts or motor
vehicles. Roads consist of one or
two roadway, each with one or
more lanes and any associated
sidewalks and road verges. There is
sometimes a bike path. Roads that
are available for use by the public
are referred to as public roads or as
highways.
IMPORTANCE OF ROADS TO TRANSPOTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM

 Roads are the arteries through which the

economy pulses. By linking producers to
markets, workers to jobs, students to school,
and the sick to hospitals, roads are vital to
any development agenda.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ON
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

Road infrastructure is essential for banishing

hunger, alleviating poverty, and improving the
quality of human life. Road transport is a means
of transport that offers door-to-door transport
which is suitable for the delivery of finished
goods to consumers. Road infrastructure has the
potentials of transforming subsistence farming
into a commercial and dynamic farming system
which unlock the potentials embedded in rural
areas.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROADS
 Classification based on speed and
accessibility
 Freeways

 Expressways
 Highways
 Arterials
 Local Streets
 Collector Roads
Classification based on speed and accessibility

 Freeways are also called as

access-controlled
highways. are wide roads
designed for fast-moving
vehicles to travel long
distances with higher speeds.
These are generally designed
in four lanes, two lanes in each
direction. Traffic movement on
freeways is continuous and
unhindered because there are
no railway or road intersections
and no signals. 
Classification based on speed and accessibility

 Expressways are one of

the superior types of
access-controlled roadways
where the entry and exit of
the expressway are fully
controlled by ramps.
Expressways are designed to
travel quickly with great
comfort and safety by
avoiding sharp curves, busy
traffic intersections, railway
junctions.
Classification based on speed and accessibility

 Highways connect
villages to cities or cities
to cities or state to state
or the roads connect the
state capital to the
national capital are
called highways.
Classification based on speed and accessibility

 Arterials are the roads

laid inside the city or
town for the movement
high volume of traffic.
An arterial road joins
the central business
point to the outside
residential areas.
Arterials provide access
to the highways. 
Widened section of Arterial
Plaridel Bypass Road in Bulacan
Classification based on speed and accessibility

 Local Streets don’t carry a

large volume of traffic
like arterials. The speed
limit is restricted to
30km/hr in a local street.
Local streets allow you to
properties around it. In
simple the road which
you to take to reach the
nearest vegetable market
is the local street. 
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROADS
Classification based on construction materials
used:

 Earthen Roads
 Gravel Roads
 Bituminous Roads
 Cement Concrete Roads
Classification based on Construction Materials Used

 Earthen Roads: 
 The roads which are laid

with the available soil at

the site are called
Earthen Roads. These
are the cheapest roads
among all the roads.
Earthen roads are
designed for very low
volume traffic. 
Classification based on Construction Materials Used

 Gravel roads : 
 In this type of roads, the

mixture of gravel and

earth (available soil at
the site) is paved on the
surface and compacted.
Classification based on Construction Materials Used

Bituminous roads / Flexible

Roads : 
 The bituminous is a black viscous
and adhesive material occurred
during the distillation of petrol.
Bituminous roads are primarily
used all over the world which is
very easy to lay and provides
smooth and good surface finish.
The thickness of bitumen road
depends upon the subgrade soil at
the site. It is always recommended
to lay the bitumen roads in two
layers.
Classification based on Construction Materials Used

Concrete Roads / Rigid

Roads : 
 The roads which are laid

using the cement

concrete material is
called concrete roads.
ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
 Carriageway
 Pavement
 Curbs and Gutter
 Shoulder
 Sidewalks
 Drainage System
ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
 Carriageway or roadway
consists of a width of road
on which a vehicle is not
restricted by any physical
barriers or separation to
move laterally. A
carriageway generally
consists of a number of
traffic lanes together with
any associated shoulder, but
may be a sole lane in width. 
ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
 Pavement is a hard surface
that's covered in concrete
or asphalt
ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
 Curbs and Gutter
are concrete or asphalt
structures used to collect
surface runoff from paved
streets, parking lots, or
other impervious surfaces
and convey it to a storm
drain system or
appropriate treatment
and/or infiltration system.
ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
 Sidewalk a paved path for
pedestrians at the side of a
road.
ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
 Drainage
BRIDGES
BRIDGE
 Is as structure that spans horizontally
between supports, whose function is to carry
vertical loads. 
 is a structure built to span a physical obstacle

(such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail)

without blocking the way underneath. It is
constructed for the purpose of
providing passage over the obstacle, which is
usually something that is otherwise difficult
or impossible to cross.
PRIMARY MATERIALS USED IN BRIDGE

 WOOD
 STONE
 STEEL
 CONCRETE
BASIC BRIDGE FORM
BEAM BRIDGE
 The beam bridge is the most
common bridge form. A beam
 carries vertical loads by
bending. As the beam bridge
bends, it undergoes horizontal
compression on the top. At the
same time, the bottom of the
beam is subjected to horizontal 
tension. The supports carry the
loads from the beam by 
compression vertically to the 
foundations.
TRUSS BRIDGE
A single-span truss bridge is like a
simply supported beam because it
carries vertical loads by bending.
Bending leads to compression in
the top chords (or horizontal
members), tension in the bottom
chords, and either tension or
compression in the vertical and
diagonal members, depending on
their orientation. Trusses are
popular because they use a
relatively small amount of material
to carry relatively large loads.
CANTILEVER BRIDGE
A cantilever bridge is
generally made with three
spans, of which the outer
spans are both anchored
down at the shore and
cantilever out over the
channel to be crossed.
ARCH BRIDGE
The arch bridge carries
loads primarily by
compression, which exerts
on the foundation both
vertical and horizontal
forces.
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
A suspension bridge carries
vertical loads through curved
cables in tension. These
loads are transferred both to
the towers, which carry them
by vertical compression to
the ground, and to the
anchorages, which must
resist the inward and
sometimes vertical pull of the
cables.
CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
Cable-stayed bridges carry
the vertical main-span loads
by nearly straight diagonal 
cables in tension. The
towers transfer the cable
forces to the foundations
through vertical
compression. The tensile
forces in the cables also put
the deck into horizontal
compression.
SIGNIFICANCE OF BRIDGES IN TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM

 Bridges have a special place in transportation

infrastructure due its direct relationship with
other places. These structures have the
purpose to carry on the traffic loads of the
highway, crossing any obstacle and perform
an effective communication between two
destinations.
 Without it the places would be either

inaccessible or more time taking to reach.

AIRPORTS
AIRPORTS
 a complex of runways and buildings for the
takeoff, landing, and maintenance of civil
aircraft, with facilities for passengers.

 It is an aerodrome which is principally

intended for the use of commercial services.
It is provided with custom facilities.
Airports as Transportation System
 The airports represent the ground part of the
system's infrastructure handling the aircraft
operated by different airlines transporting
passengers and freight/cargo shipments. The
organized and controlled airspace between
airports represents the air part of the
system's infrastructure.
 Airports are constantly adapting to provide

enough functional, safe, and affordable

infrastructure for airlines and passengers.
Types of AIRPORTS
CLASSIFICATION OF AIRPORTS
1. Based on Take-off and Landing
2. Based on Aircraft Approach Speed
3. Based on Function
4. Based on Geometric Design
5. Based on Aircraft Wheel Characteristics
Based on Take-off and Landing
Based on Aircraft Approach Speed
Based on Functions
Based on Aircraft Wheel
Characteristics
Based on Geometric Design
Ground Facilities
HELIPADS
 is a landing area or
platform for
helicopters and
powered lift aircraft.
USAGE
 Helipads may be located at a heliport or airport where
fuel, air traffic control and service facilities for aircraft
are available.

 Most helipads are located remote from populated areas

due to sounds, winds, space and cost constraints,
however, some skyscrapers maintain a helipad on their
roofs in order to accommodate air taxi services. Some
basic helipads are built on high rise buildings for
evacuation in case of a major fire outbreak. Major
police departments may use a dedicated helipad at
heliports as a base for police helicopters.
Construction
 Helipads are usually constructed out of
concrete and are marked with a circle and/or
a letter "H", so as to be visible from the air.
Importance of Air Transport
 Air transport is an important enabler to
achieving economic growth and development.
Air transport facilitates integration into the
global economy and provides vital
connectivity on a national, regional, and
international scale. It helps generate trade,
promote tourism, and create employment
opportunities.
THANK YOU!!!