ICT

Lecture 04

Farkhunda Dorin
Senior Management Counsellor
Bangladesh Institute of Management
farkhunda.dorin@bim.org.bd
COMPUTER NETWORKS

 Collection of autonomous computers

 Interconnected by a single technology.

 Computer Network is a collection of computers, printers,

routers, switches, and other devices that are able to
communicate with each other over some transmission medium.
 In other words a network consists of two or more computers
that are linked in order to share resources, exchange files, or
allow electronic communications.
COMPUTER NETWORK
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
 Message: The message is the information (data) to be
communicated. It can consist of text, numbers, pictures,
sound, or video - or any combination of these.
 Sender: The sender is the device that sends the data
message. It can-be a computer, workstation, server,
telephone handset, mobile phone, video camera, and so
on.
 Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the
message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone
handset, mobile phone, television, and so on.
ELEMENTS OF NETWORK
 Medium: The transmission medium is the physical path
by which a message travels from sender to receiver. It
could be a twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optic
cable, or radio waves.
 Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that governs data
communications. It represents an agreement between the
communicating devices. Two devices may be connected
but cannot communicate without a protocol.
ELEMENTS OF NETWORK
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
 Speedy
 Cost Saving

 Secured

 Centralized Software Management

 Resource Sharing

 Electronic Mail

 Flexible Access

 Workgroup Computing
COMPUTER NETWORK – AT A GLANCE
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
 Communication media refers to the means of delivering
and receiving data or information. In telecommunication,
these means are transmission and storage tools or
channels for data storage and transmission.

 Types of media
 Guidedmedia
 Unguided media
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
 Types of media

 Guided media
 In Guided media the messages flow through the physical

media like twisted pair-wire, coaxial cable fiber optic cables,

the media guided is the signal.

 Unguided media
 In Radiated media messages is broadcast through the air such

as infrared, microwave, or satellite

COMMUNICATION MEDIA
 Guided media
 Open wire
 Open Wire is traditionally used to describe the electrical wire
strung along power poles. There is a single wire strung
between poles. No shielding or protection from noise
interference is used.
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
 Guided media
 Twisted-pair cable
 The wires in Twisted Pair cabling are twisted

together in pairs. Each pair would consist of a wire

used for the +ve data signal and a wire used for the
-ve data signal.
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
 Guided media
 Coaxial cable
 Coaxial Cable consists of 2 conductors. The inner conductor
is held inside an insulator with the other conductor woven
around it providing a shield. An insulating protective coating
called a jacket covers the outer conductor. The outer shield
protects the inner conductor from outside electrical signals.
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
 Guided media
 Fiber-optic cables
 Optical Fiber consists of thin glass fibers that can carry
information at frequencies in the visible light spectrum and
beyond. The typical optical fiber consists of a very narrow
strand of glass called the Core. Around the Core is a
concentric layer of glass called the Cladding. A typical Core
diameter is 62.5 microns (1 micron = 10-6 meters). Typically
Cladding has a diameter of 125 microns. Coating the
cladding is a protective coating consisting of plastic, it is
called the Jacket.
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
 Guided media
 Fiber-optic cables