Government Polytechnic Nagpur

Neuromorphic Computing

Presented By : Arti D. Patle

Guided By : Isha Lokande ma’am
 What is NeuromorphicComputing ?

Neuromorphic computing is a concept developed by Caver Mead in late 1980’s .It is a method of
computer engineering in which elements of a computer are modeled after systems in the human
brain and nervous system. The term refers to the design of both hardware and software computing
elements.

Neuromorphic engineers draw from several disciplines -- including computer science, biology,
mathematics, electronic engineering and physics -- to create artificial neural systems inspired by
biological structures.

There are two overarching goals of neuromorphic computing :--

The first is to create a device that can learn, retain information and even make logical deductions the
way a human brain can a cognition machine.
The second goal is to acquire new information and perhaps prove a rational theory about how the
human brain works.
 Neuromorphic / cognitive computing philosophy
Cognitive computing views the brain as a
Cognition = Artificial
computing
computer and thinking as the execution of
Artificial Neural algorithms.
Memory = Networks
Intelligence storage of (Connectionist
(Cognitive data and Computing)
Computing) algorithms
Thinking = algorithm:
algorithm: application of iterative
search algorithms
error
to data
reduction
• Biological memory corresponds to a container holding data and
algorithms. Learning fills the container with input-output rules
defined on discrete (AI) or continuous (ANN) variables.
• Algorithms create input-output mappings using
rules or weights stored in memory.
• AI focuses on search algorithms to select “production” rules.
• ANN focuses on iterative error reduction algorithms to determine
“weights” yielding the desired input-output relationships.
• Algorithms are created by humans.
 NEUROMORPHIC CHIPS

• Modelled on biological brains—designed to process sensory data such

as images and sound and respond to changes in that data in ways not
specifically programmed.
• Neuromorphic computing systems excel at computing complex
dynamics using a small set of computational primitives
(neurons, synapses, spikes).
 NEUROMORPHIC ENG'G IS NOT NEW

• A class of neuromorphic chip has been available since 1993.

• ZISC (Zero Instruction Set Computer), became the world’s
first commercially available neuromorphic chip.
Neuromorphic Computing Hardware Architecture
SpiNNaker (“Spiking Neural Network Architecture”)

Steve Furber, “To Build a Brain” , IEEE Spectrum, August 2012

Contd.,
• Spike
• Simplest possible temporal message
• Facilitates algorithms inspired by biological neural systems
• Supports time and rate based algorithms
• Information “packet”
• Generalization of spike time message
• A “spike” that carries additional information
• Facilitates other dynamical computing architectures using different primitives
• Routing of spikes / packets
• Messages can be packaged with an address and routed over a network (e.g. IBM, SpiNNaker)
• Messages can be delivered over a switching fabric (e.g. HRL)
• Networks can be multiscale – e.g. on core, on chip, off chip
 EXISTING CHIPS:
• IBM TrueNorth - most advanced neuromorphic (brain-like) computer
chip to date
• Qualcomm's Zeroth Program
• Human Brain Project in Europe
• Nvidia's Tegra X1 revealed at CES 2015
• Intel’s Loihi Chip.
EXISTING APPLICATION
Contd.,
• Advancements in Facial/Biometric Recognition:

ATTENDANCE IN A SNAP
 Contd.,
• Development of Smart Medical Devices.

AUTO-
ECG
 Advantages
• Can compute in real time, which is similar to how the brain
works
• Might take us a step closer to artificial intelligence
• Different applications in various disciplines
• Advances in neuroscience and chip making
----------------Thank You !!-------------