earliest city governments. Hammurabi, the ancient Babylonian King, who lived in Mesopotamia between 3700 and 3950 years ago, was known for the set of laws that he declared called the Code of Hammurabi. Code of Hammurabi - contained laws applying to property rights, loans and debts, family rights, and even damages paid for malpractice by a physician. Code of Hammurabi While some civilizations flourished under a single ruler with extraordinary governing abilities, other civilizations possessed a widespread governing bureaucracy that was very efficient at every level. The government of the Inca empire is one such example. Inca civilization (Peru)
Surpassed every other civilization of the
Americas and most of Eurasia. An emperor, regarded as the divine son of the Sun God, headed the government. Under him came the royal family, the aristocracy, imperial administrators, and lower nobility, and below them the masses of artisans, craftsmen, and farmers. Inca Empire
- was divided into four administrative regions,
then further subdivided into provinces, villages, and families. Agricultural and tax officials closely supervised farming activities, such as planting, irrigation, and harvesting. Teams of professional relay runners carried messages up to 250 miles in a single day over a network of roads and bridges that remains impressive even today. Bramin (Priests) Kshatriya (Warriors) Vaisya (Merchants, Landowners) Sudra (Commoners, peasants, servants) Out Caste or Untouchables (street sweepers, latrine cleaners)