PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MATERIAL DAN METALURGI

JURUSAN ILMU KEBUMIAN DAN LINGKUNGAN

 Metallurgi II
07 – Copper and Copper Alloys

Rifqi Aulia Tanjung, S.T., M.T.

Dosen Pengampu

Balikpapan
Rifqi.aulia@itk.ac.id
 Copper

The properties of copper that are most important are high electrical and thermal
conductivity, good corrosion resistance, machinability, strength and ease of
fabrication.

In addition, copper is nonmagnetic, has a pleasing colour, can be welded, brazed, and
soldered, and is easily finished by plating or lacquering.
 Copper

Certain of these basic properties may be improved by suitable alloying. Most of the
copper that is used for electrical conductors contains over 99.9 percent copper and is
identified as electrolytic tough-pitch copper (ETP) or oxygen-free high-conductivity
copper (OFHC).

Electrolytic tough-pitch copper is also used for roofing, gutters, downspouts,

automobile radiators and gaskets, kettles, vats, pressure vessels, and distillery and
other process equipment. Electrolytic tough-pitch copper contains from 0.02 to 0.05
percent oxygen, which is combined with copper as the compound cuprous oxide (Cu,O).

As cast, copper oxide and copper form an interdendritic eutectic mixture. After working
and annealing, the interdendritic network is destroyed and the strength is improved.
Oxygen-free copper is used in electronic tubes or similar applications because it makes
a perfect seal to glass.
Copper
 Copper

Arsenical copper containing about 0.3 percent arsenic has improved resistance to
special corrosive conditions and is used for certain condenser and heat-exchanger
applications.

Free-cutting copper with about 0.6 percent tellurium has excellent machining
properties and is used for bolts, studs, welding tips and electrical parts such as contact
pins, switch gears, relays, and precision electrical equipment.

Silver-bearing copper has a silver content of 7 to 30 oz/ton. Silver raises the

recrystallization temperature of copper, thus preventing softening during soldering of
commutators. It is preferred in the manufacture of electric motors for railroad and
aircraft use.
 Temper Designation of Copper and Copper Alloys

Since copper and most copper alloys are homogenous single phases, they are not
susceptible to heat treatment, and their strength may be altered only by cold working.
There are two general classes of temper for non-heat-treatable wrought-copper alloys:
cold-worked and soft or annealed.

The different cold-worked tempers shown in Table 12.1 are obtained by cold-working
the annealed material a definite amount.

Annealed tempers are used for forming at room temperature and are described by
range of grain size or nominal grain size, expressed as average grain diameter in
millimetres. Measurement of grain size is standardized by ASTM E79, Estimating the
Average Grain Size of Wrought Copper and Copper-base Alloys.
 Temper Designation of Copper and Copper Alloys

The grain size best suited for a particular

The percentage reduction for strip is based on application depends upon the thickness of the
thickness difference and for wire on area metal, the depth of draw and the type of surface
difference required after the draw.
Copper Alloys
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