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RNA - Polymerase 1 Class
RNA - Polymerase 1 Class
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Introduction
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA
RNA
Protein
1. The DNA replicates its information in
a process that involves many enzymes:
replication.
2. The DNA codes for the production of
messenger RNA (mRNA) during
transcription.
3. In eucaryotic cells, the mRNA is
processed (essentially by splicing) and
migrates from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm.
4. Messenger RNA carries coded
information to ribosomes. The
ribosomes "read" this information and
use it for protein synthesis. This
process is called translation.
• Proteins do not code for the
production of protein, RNA or DNA.
They are involved in almost all
biological activities, structural or
enzymatic.
Transcription
Transcription is the process by which a single stranded RNA is
formed from a single strand of DNA.
The process involves :
1. Uncoiling of the 2 strands of DNA in a specific region. It
exposes the bases of the DNA strands.
2. One strand of DNA remains dormant & the other one acts
as the template for the formation of the new RNA strand.
3. The building blocks the free nucleotides align themselves
& form the complementary RNA according to the base
pairing rule.
4. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA
Polymerase.
5. RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of
phosphodiesterase bonds between nucleotides (using tri-
phosphate nucleotides).
6. RNA polymerase moves stepwise along the DNA
extending the RNA chain as it goes.
7. As RNA polymerase moves it unwinds the next part of the
helix, the helix behind closes & the mRNA is displaced
mRNA Strands
3’ 5’
Sense strand
(template)
5’ 3’
• RNA polymerase (RNAP or
RNApol) is an enzyme that
makes a RNA copy of a DNA or
RNA template. In cells, RNAP
is needed for constructing
RNA chains from DNA genes, a
process called transcription.