Switchyard

• What do we mean by switchyard ?

• It is define as an assembly of electrical
apparatus which transforms the characteristics
of electrical energy from one form to another
i.e..AC to DC or from one voltage to another.
• LAYOUT : Most convenient location where
systematic electrical apparatus arrangement is
done.
 TYPES OF SWITCH-YARD
• Indoor Switch yard --- In which all
electrical apparatus are kept in closed room.

• Outdoor Switch yard --- In which all

electrical apparatus are kept in open
atmosphere.
 SWITCH-YARD
EQUIPEMENTS
• All electrical apparatus or say equipments kept
in switch-yard are of having great importance.
• Bus duct & Bus bar
• Transformer ( G/T, Power / Dist,Aux X’mer,
Earthing X’mer )
• Transformer Bushing ( HV / LV )
• CT & PT
• Insulators & Insulators string ( Suspension ,
Shackle )
• Conductor ( Single , Bundle ), Jumpers
& Connectors
• Circuit Breakers
• Isolators ( Line ,Bus & Earthing )
• PLCC Equipment
• Protection Fuse and Relays
• Marshalling Box for G/T & Local
Marshalling Box for Circuit ( LMB ),
Control Cable system & Its Equipment
• Switch Board
• Gantry ( Guard wire mesh )
• Earthing mesh
• Lightening Arrestor with Surge counter
• Battery System
 132 Kv Switch-yard
• Technical Data :-
• Design voltage Level 132 kV
• Minimum Clearance between adjacent
phase 1473 mm
• Phase to Earth 1270 mm
• Section clearance 3500 mm
• Ground clearance 2440 mm
• Earthing Resistance < 1.0 ohm
 Need For Protection:-
To avoid any severe damage to the
equipment from internal &/or external
abnormality, some controls have been
developed to protect the equipment
which will take decision to isolate the
equipment from healthy system within
predetermined time-span.
 
 Types of Protection system

(1)    Main or Primary Protection

• (2)    Backup or Secondary Protection 
• Main protection which operates first &
isolate the faulty equipment particularly
when internal fault is there. 
• Backup protection which operates when
Main protection fails to operate ( At the
time of Internal fault ) OR During external
system fault having more time-span.
• In out door switch yard , climate effect
plays a predominant role which deteriorates
the working life of an electrical apparatus.
To reduce the effect of this, following steps
are to be taken periodically.
• Coating of Insulators, Bushing ----- it is a
special type of rubber coat which reduces
the cracking due to moist atmosphere,dust
& dirt.Also least chemical reaction effect.
• This rubber coat is HV Insulating coat & its
Trade name is “ CSL-570”, it is a silicon
base rubber paint.
• Cost --- Rs 3000 /- per kg
• Life --- 15 yrs
• Live photographs ( Thermographs ) of
each parts of a circuit & accordingly
carry out maintenance planning.
• Hot line washing of each parts of
electrical equipments on regular basis.
( Generally three cycles i.e Pre-
monsoon , Post monsoon & regular one
).
 PTW ( Work Permit )
• It is a typical card where everything
related to equipment isolation is
returned with clear instruction of live
equipments and position of other
circuits of switchyard.
• After completion of particular work an
authorized person will return PTW for
normal operation purpose, then after
issuing authority will make isolation
make normal and switch on the circuits
 Switch-yard Protection
• Guard wire protection ( Gantry
earthing at different points )
• Bus zone protection
• LBB protection
• Mulsi-fire protection for X’mer
• LA