Equations

If a 2-digit number be represented by the

digits “ab”, the value of the number is
“10a+b”.
Whenever the question talks of digits, we
should consider “a” & “b”.
Whenever the question talks of number, we
should consider “10a+b”.
Number formed by reversing the digits is
10b+a.
The difference between 2-digit number and
the number formed by reversing the digits is
9 (a - b) or 9 (b - a)
The sum of a 2-digit number and the number
formed by reversing the digits is 11(a+b).
1
Equations

If a 3-digit number be represented by

the digits “abc”, the value of the
number is “100a+10b+c”.
Whenever the question talks of digits,
we should consider “a” & “b” & “c”.
Whenever the question talks of
number, we should consider
“100a+10b+c”.
Number formed by reversing the digits
is “100c+10b+a”.
The difference between 3-digit number
and the number formed by reversing
the digits is 99 (a - c) or 99 (c - a) 2
Equations

If a 4-digit number be represented by the

digits “abcd”, the value of the number is
“1000a+100b+10c+d”.
Whenever the question talks of digits, we
should consider “a” & “b” ,“c” &“d”.
Whenever the question talks of number,
we should consider “100a+100b+10c+d”.
Number formed by reversing the digits is
“1000d+100c+10b+a”
The difference between 4-digit number
and the number formed by reversing the
digits is 9[111(a-d)+ 10(b-c)]
3
Equations

If a 5-digit number be represented by the

digits “abcde”, the value of the number
is “10000a+1000b+100c+10d+e”.
Whenever the question talks of digits,
Consider “a” & “b” ,“c” “d” &e.
Number, “10000a+1000b+100c+10d+e”
Number formed by reversing the digits is
“10000e+1000d+100c+10b+a”
The difference between 5-digit number
and the number formed by reversing the
digits is 99[101(a-e)+ 10(b-d)]
4
Equations

A 2 digit number is 13. The number

formed by interchanging the digits is
31. The difference is 18. How many 2
digit numbers satisfy these
conditions? (CAT 2006)
9(b-a) = 18
(b-a) = 2
b=a+2
“a” can take values from 1 to 7.
The 2 digit numbers are 13, 24, 35,
46, 57, 68 & 79
5
Equations abc cba abc cba
A 3-digit number exceeds 300 3 906 609
the number formed by 310 13 916 619
reversing the digits by
320 23 926 629
297. If the number is n ,
which of the following is 330 33 936 639
true? (CAT 2005) 340 43 946 649
1)401 ≤ n ≤ 906 350 53 956 659
2) 411 ≤ n ≤ 996 360 63 966 669
3)310 ≤ n ≤ 926 370 73 976 679
4) 299 < n < 997 380 83 986 689

99(a-c) = 297 Min value c takes

390 “0” 93& 996
a = “3”.
699
The smallest Number is 300.
(a-c) = 3.
Max value c takes “6” & a = “9”.
a=c+3 The largest Number is 996.
Ans. (4) . There will be 70 numbers6
Equations
A 4-digit number exceeds the abcd dcba
number formed by reversing 2100 12
the digits by 2088. How many
such numbers exist? 2210 122
(1)54(2)63(3)45(4)72 2320 232
9[111(a-d)+ 10(b-c)] = 2088 2430 342
111(a-d)+ 10(b-c) = 232 2540 452
(a-d)=2 (b-c)=1 2650 562
a can take values from 2 to 9 & 2760 672
d from 0 to 7 2870 782
b can take values from 1 to 9 & 2980 892
c from 0 to 8
Totally 72 numbers 7
Equations
P is a three digit number upon reversing P,
another three digit number Q is obtained. Q>P
and Q-P is divisible by 5. Which of the
following is always true?
(1) 100<P<499 (2)105≤P<505
(3)110<P<510 (4)115<P<515

99(c-a) = 495 (c-a) = 5. c= a +5

Min value a takes “1” & c = “6”.
The smallest Number is 106.
Max value a takes “4”& c = “9”.
The largest Number is 499.
Answer is (2) .
8
 Equations
The sum of the digits The sum of the digits
of a 2-digit number is of a 2-digit number is
8. The number 7. The number
exceeds the number exceeds the number
formed by reversing formed by reversing
the digits by 18. What the digits by 45. What
is the 2- digit number? is the 2- digit number?
Let the 2-digit number Let the 2-digit number
be represented by the be represented by the
digits “ ab”. digits “ ab”.
(a + b) = 8 (a + b) = 7
9(a - b) = 18 9(a - b) = 45
(a - b) = 2 . (a - b) = 5
(a + b) = 8 (a + b) = 7
Solving a = 5 & b =3. Solving a = 6 & b =1.
The number is 53 The number is 61 9
Equations
The age of Mrs. Devi is such that if the digit of
her age are reversed, the age of her husband
is obtained, Also, the age of her husband
exceeds her age by 1/11th of the sum of their
ages. Find the sum of the ages of Mrs. Devi
and her husband. Consider all age in years
(1)88 (2) 121 (3) 77 (4) 143 (5) N.o.t.
Let the age of Devi be “ab”
Her husband’s age is “ba”
1
(10b+a) – (10a+b) = [(10b+a)+(10a+b)]
11
9(b – a) = (a+b) 4 a
=
5 b
Age of Devi =45 Age of Husband of Devi =54

Sum of Ages of Husband and Devi =99 10

 Equations
The sum of the digits of a 2-digit number is 9.
The number exceeds the number formed by
reversing the digits by 18. What is the 2- digit
number?
Let the 2-digit number be represented by the
digits “ ab”.
(a + b) = 9 :: 9(a - b) = 18
(a - b) = 2 ::: Data inconsistent
(a+ b) (a - b) Observation a b Solution
8 2 Both even 5 3 Possible
7 5 Both odd 6 1 Possible
one even
9 2 No solution
one odd
Unless both (a+b)&(a-b) are even or both (a+b) &
11
(a-b) are odd , integer solutions are not possible.
 Equations
If a2 - b2 = 11, how If a2 - b2 = 21, how
many positive integer many positive integer
solutions are possible solutions are possible
for a & b. for a & b.
a2-b2 = 11 a2-b2 = 21
(a + b) = 11 (a + b) = 21
(a-b) = 1. (a - b) = 1
Solving a =6 & b =5 a = 11 & b =10
There is only one +ve (a + b) = 7
integer solution (a - b) = 3
a=5 & b =2
Two positive integer
solutions are possible
If a2 - b2 = odd , integer solutions are
always possible for “ a ” & “ b ” 12
 Equations
If a2 - b2 = 12, how many If a2 - b2 = 24, how many
positive integer solns. positive integer solns.
are possible for a & b. are possible for a & b.
(a+ b) = 12 (a + b) = 24
(a - b) = 1 (a - b) = 1
No int. solution possible No int. solution possible
(a+ b) = 6 (a + b) = 12
(a - b) = 2 (a - b)=2.
A=4 Solving a=7 & b = 5
b=2 (a + b) = 8 & (a-b)=3. No
(a + b) = 4 int. solution possible
(a - b) =3. (a+ b) = 6 & (a-b)=4.
No int. solution possible Solving a=5 & b = 1
Only one solution Two solutions are
possible. possible.
13
Equations

If a2-b2 = 22, how many If a2-b2 = 653914, how

positive integer many positive integer
solutions are possible solutions are possible
for a & b. for a & b.
(a + b) = 22 a2-b2 = 653914.
(a - b) = 1 No integer solutions
No integer solution possible. Why ?
possible
(a + b) = 11 If a4-b4 = 653946, how
(a - b) = 2. many positive integer
No integer solution solutions are possible
possible
for a & b.
If a2-b2 = even , integer a4-b4 = 653944.
solutions are possible No integer solutions
for “a” & “b” if and only possible. Why ?
if it is a multiple of four
14
Equations

If k(N) denotes the number of ways of

expressing N as a difference of two
perfect squares, then which of the
following is the least?
(1)k(187) (2) k(120) (3) k(110) (4) k(105)
If a2-b2 = odd , integer solutions are
always possible for “ a ” & “ b ”

If a2-b2 = even , integer solutions are

possible for “a” & “b” if and only if it is a
multiple of four
If a2-b2 = 110 , a even number but not a
multiple of 4 , k(110) is zero 15
Equations

A man buys 10 apples at a price. When the

price reduces by 50 paise, he buys 5 apples.
In both the cases, the amount spent by the
person is only in rupees and it is a 2 digit
number. In both cases the same digits are
used. Find the original price?
Price Qty Expenditure
Original p+ ½ 10 10p+5
Revised p 5 5p( p ≥2)
10p+5-5p = 9k
5p+5 = 9k
If k =2,5p+5 =18 Price Qty Exp.
5p =13 p =2.6 Original 3.1 10 31
Original Price = 3.1 Revised 2.6 5 13 16
 Equations
A man buys 10 apples at a price. When the
price reduces by Re. 2 .10p, he buys 7 apples.
In both the cases, the amount spent by the
person is only in rupees and it is a 2 digit
number. In both cases the same digits are
used. Find the original price?
Price Qty Expenditure
Original p+ 2.1 10 10p+21
Revised p 7 7p( p ≥2)
10p+21-7p = 9k
3p+21 = 9k
If k =3,3p+21 =27 Price Qty Exp.
3p = 6 p =2 Original 4.1 10 41
Original Price = 4.1 Revised 2.0 7 14 17
Equations
In the year 2000, the age of a man was 1/99th
of his year of birth. What is his age in 2009?
1
2000 - Y = [Y]
99
2000 = Y + 1
[Y]
99

2000 = 100 [Y]

99
Y =1980
1
---- [1980]
Age in 2000 = 99

Age in 2000 = 20

Therefore his age in 2009 is 29. 18

Equations
Five years ago,
Man Son
a man was five
times as old as Present m S
his son. Two Past m-5 S–5
years hence,
the man will be Future m+2 S+ 2
m - 5 = 5s – 25
three times as
old as his son. m + 2 = 3s + 6
What is the -7 = 2s – 31
present age(in s = 12
years) of the m = 40
man?
Present age of man=40

19
 Equations
In 1932 a grandson tells his grandfather, his
age is equal to last two digits of his year of
birth. Grandfather says same is the case with
me. What are their ages?
Grandson Grandfather
Year of Birth = 19x, Year of Birth = 18y,
Where “x” represents Where “y” represents
last 2 digits last 2 digits
Age = 1932 - 19x = x
Age = 1932 - 18y = y
x =(1900+32) – (1900+x)
y =(1800+132) – (1800+y)
2x =32
2y =132
x = 16
y = 66

20
 Equations
In 1940 a grandson tells his grandfather, his age is
equal to last two digits of his year of birth.
Grandfather says same is the case with me. What
are their ages?
Grandson Grandfather
Year of Birth = 19x, Year of Birth = 18y,
Where “x” represents Where “y” represents
last 2 digits last 2 digits
Age = 1940 - 19x = x Age = 1940 - 18y = y
x =(1900+40) – (1900+x) y =(1800+140) – (1800+y)
2x =40 x = 20 2y =140 y = 70
In the year x, a grandson tells his grandfather his
age is equal to last two digits of his year of birth.
Grandfather says same is the case with me. Find
the age difference between grandfather and
grandson? Age difference is always 50. 21
Equations

Five years ago, mother was 3years more than

4 times her son’s age. 3 years hence, mothers
age will be 6 years less than thrice her son’s
age. If the sum of their ages after n years is
80. Find n?

Mother son (m-5) = 4(s-5)+3

Present age m s (m+3) = 3(s+3)-6
5 years ago m-5 s- 5
3 yrs. hence m+3 s+3 Solving, s=12& m=36

12+n+36+n = 80 2n = 32 n = 16

22
Equations
The age of a woman is presently thrice that of
daughter. When woman was 29 years old, her
only son, who is 3 years younger than her only
daughter, was born. What is the present age of
the son?
Present Age Present Age
S S+3
of son of Daughter
Present Age S+29 = 3S+9
S+29 3(s+3) S = 10
of Mother
Anand has only 10 paisa and 25 paisa coins with
him. If he has 70 coins in all worth Rs.10 with him ,
how many 25 paisa coins does he have?
Let a rep. 25 P coins and b rep. 10 p coins.
a+ b = 70
Solving, a = 20 & b = 50 23
25a+10b = 1000
 Equations
A tells B, “When I was
A tells B, “When I was 1
/3 of your present age,
half of your present
age, you were one- you were one-fourth of
fourth of my present my present age”. If B’s
age”. If A’s present present age is 45
age is 36 years, what years, what is A’s
is B’s present age. present age.
A B A B
Present a 45
Present 36 b
Past 15 /4
a

Past b
/2 9
36 - b = b/2 - 9 a -45 = 15 - a/4
45 = 3b/2 b = 30 60 = 5a/4 a = 48

A B A B
Present 36 30 Present 48 45
24
Past 15 12
Past 15 9
 Equations
The average age of a couple at the
time of their marriage was 27 years.
After a few years, the couple had a
pair of twins. If the average age of
the family of four when each of the
twins was five years old was two-
thirds of the average age of the
couple just before the birth of the
twins, then find the average age of
the family of four when each of the
twins is 10 years old.
(1) 22 (2) 25 (3) 28 (4) 30 (5) CBD
25
 At the
After n After 5 After 10
time of
years years years
marriage
H H H+n H+n+5 H+n+10
W W W+n W+n+5 W+n+10
T1 0 0 5 10
T2 0 0 5 10
Tot 54 54+2n
60 80 100
A 27 27+n
30 54+2n+20
20 25

[54+2n+20] 2
= [27+n] [54+2n+20] = 8 [27+n]
4 3 3
Solving, n =3
26
27
 Equations
The cost prices of two
varieties of rice differ by P P+12
Rs.12. Ram, the shopkeeper,
mixed those two varieties, in 18
certain ratio and resultant
mixture costs Rs.18 per kg. If
P-6 18 -P
instead, Ram mixes the two
varieties in the inverse ratio, P P+12
the cost price of the resultant
mixture will be Rs.26 per kg. 26
find the cost price (in Rs. per
kg) of the less expensive
P-14 26 -P
variety of rice.
(1) 12 (2) 16 (3) 14 (4) 18 (5) 10 P-6 = 26 - P
P=16 28
Equations
A change dispensing machine contains 1
rupee, 2 rupee and 5 rupee coins. The total
number of coins in the machine is 200. The
total amount in the machine adds up to
Rs.450. If the number of 1 rupee and 2 rupee
coins are interchanged, the total amount
comes down to Rs.325. The number of 5 rupee
coins in the machine is
(1)2 (2)25 (3)30 (4)15 (5) 28

Re. 1 Rs. 2 Rs. 5 Total X + Y + Z =200

X + 2Y +5Z = 450
x y Z 200
Y + 2X +5Z = 325
x 2y 5z 450
3X + 3Y+10Z = 775
y 2x 5z 325 3X + 3X + 3Z = 600
7Z = 175 Z =25 29
Equations

Three cubical dice – D1, D2 and Values “s” can

D3 – each of which is take is
numbered 1,2,4,5,6 and 8 on compliment of
its six faces, are rolled what
simultaneously. Every time a unfavourable
die is rolled, the face that side can take.
turns up is referred to as the Minimum value
unfavourable faces. Also, a S’ can take is 3
function F(D) is defined for and maximum
each die that is rolled, such it can take 24.
that F(D) = sum of the But it cannot
numbers on all the favourable take the value
faces of the die. If S = F (D1) + 23. Therefore it
F (D2) + F (D3), then how many can take 21
distinct values can S assume? values.
30
Equations
Avinash attended a job interview, wherein he was
asked to choose among three offers - I, II, and III.
Offer I : A starting salary of Rs.16,000 per year, with
an increase of Rs.800 every year.
Offer II : A starting salary of Rs.8,000 per half year,
with an increase of Rs.200 every half year.
Offer III : A starting salary of Rs.4,000 per quarter
year, with an increase of Rs.100 every quarter year.
The most profitable choice for Avinash would be
(1) I (2) II (3) III (4) Both I and II
(5) All are equally profitable

Opt 1 Opt 2 Opt 3

1st 16000 8000+ 8200 4000+4100+
Yr =16200 4200+4300=16600
2nd 16800 8400 +8600= 4400+4500+
31
Yr 17000 4600+4700=18200
Equations

“abcd” is a 4-digit number.

“cdab” – 2 “abcd” = 5. Find “cd” – “ab”
“abcd” = 1000a+100b+10c+d
“abcd” = 100(10a+b)+(10c+d)
“cdab” = 1000c+100d+10a+b
“cdab” = 100(10c+d)+(10a+b)
Let x= (10a+b) Let y= (10c+d)
“cdab” – 2 “abcd”= 100y +x -2(100x+y)
98y – 199x=5 98y =199x+5
3x+5 X = 31 y = 63
y =2x+
98 32
Equations

“ab”> “cd”. “abcd” is a 4 digit number.

If difference “ab” – “cd” is subtracted
from”abcd”, the value is 5481. What is
the sum of digits “abcd”
“abcd” = 1000a+100b+10c+d
“ab” – “cd” = (10a+b)-(10c+d)
“abcd” – { “ab” – “cd”} = 5481
990a +99b+20c+2d= 5481
Let x= (10a+b) Let y= (10c+d)
99x + 2y=5481 y=18 x=55
2y 5518 – (55-18) = 5481
11x =609 -
9 5+5+1+8 = 19
Equations
There is a cuboidal tank containing some
methyl alcohol which evaporates at a
constant rate (in litres per minute). If
twelve identical pipes start pumping methyl
alcohol into the tank, the tank will get filled
in 96 minutes. Instead, if 14 such pipes are
used, the tank will get filled in 72 minutes.
How many such pipes would be required, if
the tank needs to be filled in 48 minutes?
(1) 15 (2) 16 (3) 18 (4) 20 (5) 21

Flow / min/ pipe =x Evaporation /min=y

96(12k – x ) = 72(14k – x) x = 6k
96(12k – 6k ) = 48(pk – 6k) 12k = pk – 6k
p = 18
34
Equations

Thomas bought 2 kg of rice and 3 kg of

wheat for Rs.66. If 4 kg of rice costs as much
as 5 kg of wheat, what is the cost of 3 kg of
rice and 2 kg of wheat?
(1) Rs.66 (2)Rs.69 (3) Rs.63 (4)Rs.72 (5) Rs.75
4R=5W
R : W :: 5:4
2*5 k + 3*4 k = 66
22 k = 66
k =3
Rice = Rs.15
Wheat =Rs. 12
3*15+2*12 = 69
35
Equations

A had a certain amount of money. B had seven

times the amount that A had. A bought a certain
number of gold coins and was left with one-
third the cost of a gold coin. B bought as many
gold coins as he could and found that, if he had
Rs.7,500 more, he could have bought one more
gold coin. Find the cost of each gold coin.
(1) Rs.8,750 (2) Rs.10,500 (3) Rs.11,250 (4)
 Rs.12,000 (5) Rs.15,000
1 G
Amt. with A = some gold coins +
3
1 G
Amt. with B = 7( some gold coins) +2G+
3
2
G = 7500 G =11250
3
36
Equations
Starts with a car and
In a parking lot vehicles ends with a car
are arranged as under:
A car followed by a CS CS S C S S S C
scooter, then a car
(C - 1)
followed by 2 scooters, No of vehicles = C + ----------
C
again a car followed by 2
3 scooters etc…. If the Starts with a car & ends
number of vehicles with a Scooter
parked are 210, what is
the difference in no of CSCSSCSSSCSSSS
cars parked and no of (C +1)C
scooters parked? No of vehicles = C + ----------
2
2c + c2 + c = 420 2c + c2 – c= 210
No. of Cars = 20
No. of Scooters = 190
c2 + 3c – 420 =0 C2 + c – 420 =0
C is not an Diff = 170
(C+21)(C-20)=0
integer C=20
37
Equations
Starts with a car and
In a parking lot vehicles ends with a car
are arranged as under:
A car followed by a CS CS S C S S S C
scooter, then a car
(C - 1)
followed by 2 scooters, No of vehicles = C + ----------
C
again a car followed by 2
3 scooters etc…. If the Starts with a car & ends
number of vehicles with a Scooter
parked are 350, what is
the difference in no of CSCSSCSSSCSSSS
cars parked and no of (C +1)C
scooters parked? No of vehicles = C + ----------
2
2c + c2 + c = 700 2c + c2 – c =700
No. of Cars = 25
c2 + 3c – 700 =0
No. of Scooters = 325
(C+28) (C-25) =0 C2 + c – 700 =0
C = 25 Diff = 300
C is not an
Integer.
38
Equations

In a theatre, there are 300 seats. The price of each

ticket, when the theatre is houseful, is Rs.60. For
every Rs.5 increase in the price of the ticket, the
number of tickets sold goes down by 10. Find the
price of the ticket (in Rs), for which the theatre
owner would earn the maximum possible revenue.
(1)90 (2) 95 (3) 100 (4) 105 (5) 110
Let the price (60 + 5x)
No of tickets sold = (300 -10x)
Revenue = (300 – 10x) (60 + 5x)
= 18000 + 900x- 50x2
Differentiating, 900 – 100x =0
x=9
Price = 105
Tickets Sold = 210
Revenue = Rs. 22050 39
Equations

Ram went to a shop to buy some synthetic and

cotton sarees. Synthetic sarees cost Rs.300
each while cotton sarees cost Rs.400 each.
Ram spent a total of Rs.3600 on the sarees. If
he had bought as many cotton sarees as the
number of synthetic sarees he actually bought
and vice versa he would have saved an amount
equal to half the cost of one saree of one of the
two types. Find the total number of sarees he
bought.
(1) 10 (2) 9 (3) 8 (4) 11 (5) 12
300 S + 400 C = 3600
300 C + 400 S = 3400 / 3450
Adding, C + S = 10
40
Equations
In a certain country, the currency used was called
femto. Raju had his lunch in one of the hotels in it. His
bill came to 47 femtos. He had notes in only 3
denominations – 1-femto, 2-femto and 20-femto.In how
many ways can he settle the bill?
(1) 24 (2) 18 (3) 48 (4) 16 (5) 42

20x + 2y + z = 47
Case 1: X= 0 Case 2: X= 1
2y+z= 47 2y+z= 27
Z=(2k+1) Y=(23 -k) Z=(2k+1) Y=(13 -k)
K can take 24 K can take 14
values from 0 to 23 values from 0 to 13
Case 3: X= 2
Totally 42 ways
2y+z= 7
Z=(2k+1) Y=(3 -k)
K can take 4 41
values from 0 to 3
Equations

Mr. Vincent’s family consists of six members, himself,

his wife and their four children. It is known that the
average age of the family immediately after the birth
of the first, second, third and fourth child was 16, 15,
16 and 15 years respectively. Find the age of Mr.
Vincent’s eldest son if the present average age of the
entire family is 16 years.
(1) 8 (2) 15 (3) 12 (4) 16 (5) 14
To
No Av Inc No V VW C1 C2 C3 C4
t
3 16 48
4 15 60 12 3 4 4 4
5 16 80 20 4 5 5 5 5
6 15 90 10 5 2 2 2 2 2
6 16 96 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 12 12 8 3 142
Equations

There are 4 baskets w, x, y and z, each

containing a particular variety of oranges.
The number of oranges in any basket is
unknown. The average weight of the oranges
in the 4 baskets w, x, y, and z put together is
120 gm. The average weights of the oranges
in the baskets w, x, y and z, individually, are
90 gm, 100 gm, 144 gm, and 160 gm
respectively. If the average weight of the
oranges in w and x put together is 96 gm and
the average weight of the oranges in x and y
put together is 120 gm, what is the ratio of
the number of oranges in basket w to that in
basket z? (1) 9 : 1 (2) 2 : 1 (3) 4 : 3 (4) 5 : 4
43
Equations
90w+100x+144y+160z = 120(w + x + y + z )
96w+96x = 90w +100 x
6w =4x
w =2k
x =3k
120x+120y =100x +144y
20x=24y 5x=6y
x =6m
y =5m
w =4m
360m+600m+720m+160z = 120(15m + z )
42m+4z = 45m+3z
Z =3m
W:Z::4:3 44
 Equations

If the cost of one mango, five apples and 7

bananas if Rs.84 and the cost of one mango,
seven apples and 10 bananas is Rs.114, find the
cost of nine mangoes, twenty three apples and
thirty bananas?(1)428 (2) 423 (3)434 (4)426 (5)436

Eqn M A B Value M F K+ m= 9
A 1 5 7 84 K 5K + 7m = 23
7K + 10m = 30
B 1 7 10 114 M Solving
C 9 23 30 ? ? k=20 m=-11
Eqn M A B Value
A *20 20 100 140 1680
B*-11 -11 -77 -110 -1254
45
Sub 9 23 30 426
 Equations

The cost of 20 pens, 22 erasers and 25

sharpeners is Rs.196. The cost of 23 pens, 27
erasers and 30 sharpeners is Rs.233. The cost of
109 pens, 125 erasers and 140 sharpeners is Rs.K
What can be the value of K? (1) 1089 (2) 1091
(3) 1093 (4) 1095 (5) More than one of these
Eqn P E S Value M F 20K+23m = 109
A 20 22 25 196 K 22K+27m = 125
25K +30m = 140
B 23 27 30 233 M Solving
C 109 125 140 ? ? k=2 m=3
Eqn M A B Value
A*2 40 44 50 392
B*3 69 81 90 699
46
Sub 109 125 140 1091
Consider the following If x , y and z are real,
set of equations
then which of the
3x + 5y + 2z =23 statement is/are not
5x + 6y + 7z =44
true?
px + 28y + 25z = 178
1.The set of equations will become inconsistent (have
no solution) for at least one value of P.
2.There exists a unique solution for the set of equations
for every real value of P except 21.
3.The set of equations will have more than one solution
for at least one real value of P.
(1)1,2 & 3 (2)Only 2& 3 (3)Only 1 (4) N.O.T
If p=21, then the 3rd equation is the sum of twice
the first equation & thrice the second equation.
It will have more than one solution for p =21.
If p ≠21, it will have a unique solution
For no value of p, the set of equations will be47
inconsistent.
 Equations

A and B went to a market and found that the only

fruits available there were bananas and mangoes.
A purchased 23 mangoes more than the number of
mangoes purchased by B. After that, both A and B
purchased certain number of bananas as well. If
A and B purchased a total of 30 and 40 fruits
respectively and spent an equal amount of money
on the fruits, then find the price of a mango, given
that it is Rs.10 more than that of a banana.
(1) 23 (2) 43 (3) 33 (4) 86
Let the price of a mango be “p”
V A B The price of a banana be “p-10”
M m+23 m (m+23)p+(7-m)(p-10) = mp+(40-m)(p-10)
B 7-m 40-m mp+23p+7p-mp-70+10m
T 30 40 = mp+40p-mp-400+10m
330 = 10p p = 33 48
Equations

The average age of a family of seven members,

including Bunti and Babli , aged 70 years and 63
years respectively, on January 1st 1986 was 33
years. N years later, Bunti died on his birthday and
Mona was born on the same day. A few years after
that Babli died on her birthday and Rohan was born
on the same day. N more years after that, on
January 1st 2007, Raj was born. What was the
average age of the family of eight members on
January 1st 2008?
(1) 28 (2) 32 (3) 33 (4) 29
(5) Depends on the years of death of Bunti & Babli.

49
Equations
AS ON No AV SUM OF AGES
1/1/1996 7 33 231
+N yrs 7 231+7N-70-N 161+6N
+X yrs 7 161+6N+7X-63-N-X 98+5N+6X
+N yrs 7 98+5N+6X+7N 98+12N+6X
1/1/2008 8 98+6(2N+X)+8 98+6*21+8
8 29 232
Everyone will age by N years and 70+N is subtracted
because Bunti dies. But the total number remains at 7
because Mona is born
Everyone will age by x years and 63+N+x is
subtracted because Babli dies. But the total number
remains at 7 because Rohan is born
Everyone will age by N years and sum increases by 7N
Everyone will age by 1 year and sum increases by 8 as
Raj was born on 1/1/2007 and the question requires 50
average as on 1/1/2008. 2n+x+1 = 22
Equations
If the length of a rectangle is increased by 5
units and the breadth is increased by 9 units,
the area of the rectangle triples. In stead, if the
length is increased by 3 units and the breadth is
decreased by 5 units, the area of the rectangle
becomes one third of what it was. By what
percent is the length of the rectangle more than
the breadth?
(1)1331/3% (2)120% (3) 108% (4) 150%
(l+5)(b+9) = 3lb 5b+9l+45 = 2lb l 7
=
lb 9b-15l-45 = -2lb b 3
(l+3)(b-5) =
3 Adding, 14b=6l l=7k b=3k

Ans: 133 1 %
3 51
Equations

Qureshi bought four packets of chocolates and

distributed all the chocolates among his
daughters. It is known that each daughter got
exactly one chocolate less than the total
number of daughters Qureshi has. If each
packet of chocolates that Qureshi bought
contained at least 45 chocolates, find the
minimum number of daughters that Qureshi
has. (1) 16 (2) 14 (3) 13 (4) 12 (5) 15
d (d-1) ≥ 4*45 = 180
14 * 13 = 182

52
Equations

There are four apples with A, four oranges with B,

Four bananas with C and four mangoes with D.
Any two persons among A, B, C and D can
exchange any number and kind of fruits as long
as they exchange an equal number of fruits.
Each such exchange is termed as a transaction.
Find the minimum number of transactions
required so that every person possess one fruit of
each variety. (1) 6 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 8
P Ap Or Ba Ma
A 14
2 1
0
2 10 10
B 10
2 1
4
2 10 10
C 1
0 1
0 1
4
2 1
0
2
D 1
0 1
0 1
0
2 1
4
2 53
 Simple Equations Let wt. of the boxes be
A shipping clerk has 5 W1 < W2 < W3 < W4 < W5
boxes of different integral W1 + W2= 122
but unknown weights. W1 + W3= 124
The clerk weighed the W1 + W4= 125
W1 + W5= 126
boxes in pairs. He
W2 + W3= 127
obtained the weights in W2 + W4= 128
kgs as 122, 124, 125, 126, W2 + W5= 129
127, 128, 129, 130,132 & W3 + W4= 130
133. How much would the W3 + W5= 132
W4 + W5= 133
heaviest box weigh in
Adding ,
Kgs?1)69 2)67 3)70 4)68 4(W1 + W2+W3 + W4 +W5) =
1276
(W1+W2+W3+W4+W5) = 319

(W1+W2+W4+W5) =255 W3 =64 W5=68 54

Simple Equations
In a 3 digit number, the difference between its
hundreds digit and it tens digit is equal to the
difference between the tens digit and the units
digit. Also the sum of the digits is 9. How many
numbers are possible which satisfy the given
condition? 1)6 2)7 3)8 4)9
Let abc be the three digit number.
|a-b| = |b-c|
a + c = 2b
a + b + c = 9 implies b = 3
The numbers can be
135, 234, 432 , 531 & 630
a-b = c-b implies a = c
171 ,252, 333 & 414
A total of 9 numbers. 55
Simple Equations
In a bag , the ratio of Rs.1 coins,50p coins,25p
coins can be expressed by 3 consecutive odd
prime numbers that are in ascending order. The
total value of the coins in the bag is Rs.58.If the
number of Rs.1, 50p and 25p coins is
reversed, find the new total value of coins in
the bag
(a)Rs.43 (b)Rs.68 (c)Rs.67 (d)Rs.82 (e)Rs.75

Let the ratio be 3 : 5 : 7

3k*1 + 5k*1/2 + 7k*1/4 = 3k+2.5k+ 1.75k = 58
7.25 k = 58
K=8
The no of coins is 24,40,56.
If the no of coins are reversed 56+20+6 = 82
56
Simple Equations

Rajesh takes 5 hours more than Rakesh to

cover a distance of 500 km. If instead Rajesh
doubles his speed he would reach the
destination 7 and half hours before Rakesh.
Find Rajesh’s Speed.
Let the speed of Rajesh be “s”.
Let the time taken by Rakesh be “t”
500 = t + 5
S
500
= t - 71/2
2S
Subtracting, 500 500 12 1/
- = 2
S 2S

Solving, s = 20
57
Simple Equations

Divide 80 into two parts such that the sum of

their reciprocals is 4/75

Let a & b be the two parts. a+ b = 80

1 1 4
+
a b = 75
(a+b) 4
=
ab 75

80 4
=
ab 75
ab= 1500
a+ b = 80
Solving, a = 50 & b = 30
58
 Simple Equations
A shopkeeper sold a certain number (a two
digit number) of toys all priced at a certain
value (also a two digit number when expressed
in rupees). By mistake he reversed the digits of
both the number of items sold and the price of
each item . In doing so , he found that his stock
left at the end of the day showed 72 items
more than what it actually was.
1. What could be the actual number of toys
sold?
2. If the faulty calculations show a total sale of
Rs.1577,what was the actual selling price of
each toy?
3. Using the above information, what are the
actual sales? 59
Simple Equations
Price of a toy = 10a+b
No. of toys sold = 10c+d
Opening Balance – (10c+d) = closing balance
Opening Balance – (10d+c) = closing balance +72
Subtracting, 9(c-d) = 72 (c-d) = 8 91 or 80
Faulty calculation = 1577 = 19*83
Faulty Selling Price =83 38
Actual Sales =38 * 91 3458

60
There is some money with Ajay and some with
Vijay. If Ajay gave Rs 30 to Vijay then the
amounts with them would be interchanges.
Instead, if Vijay gives Rs.20 to Ajay ,then Ajay
would have Rs.70 more than that of Vijay. Find
the amount Ajay has.
If the first transaction
Aj Vij
takes place, Ajay will
a v
have what vijay before
1st a-30 V-30
the transaction. a -30 = v
2nd a+20 V-20
implies a = v +30
If the second transaction Cannot be
takes place, a +20 = v determined
-20+50 implies a = v +30
61
Bala has 3 sons. He had some chocolates which he
distributed among them. To his eldest son he gave
3 chocolates more than half the number of
chocolates with him. To his second son he gave 4
chocolates more than one-third of the remaining
number of chocolates with them. To his youngest
son he gave 4 chocolates more than one- fourth of
the remaining number of chocolates with him. He
left with 11 chocolates .How many chocolates did
he initially have?
Before Son Given Bal 3c
- 4 = 11 c= 20
a a 36 4
78
a 1 42+ 3 - 3
2 2 2b
- 4 =20 b= 36
b 2b
20- 4 3
b
36 2 16+4
3 3 a
3c - 3 =36 a= 78
c 3 c 11- 4 2
20 9+ 4 4
62
4
A bag has a total of 120 notes in
denominations of Rs. 2, Rs.5 and Rs.10.The
total value of the notes in the bag is Rs.760. If
there were twice as many Rs.5 notes, the total
value of the notes would be Rs.960. Find the
number of Rs.10 notes in the bag.
Rs 2 Rs 5 Rs 10
No. a b c a +b + c = 120 ……..(1)
Valu 2a +5b +10 c = 760 ….(2)
2a2
Rs 5b5 Rs
Rs 10c
10
e 2a +10b +10 c=960…. (3)
No. a 2b c
(3)–( 2) 5b = 200 b=40
Valu
2a 10b 10c
a+c= 80
e 2a+10c=560 a+5c=280
4c = 200 c=50 a=30
63
Rohan went to the market to buy 10 kg of each of
oranges ,mangoes ,bananas are grapes. The cost
of 5kg of oranges and 2 kg of mangoes together
was Rs.310. The cost of 3kg of mangoes and 3.5 kg
of banana was Rs.230.The cost of 1.5kg of bananas
and 5kg of grapes together was Rs.160 Find the
total amount spent on Rohan.
Orange Mangoes Grapes Banana
No. 10 10 10 10
Value R M G B
To Find 10 R + 10 M + 10 G + 10 B
Orange Mangoes Grapes Banana Value
5 2 310
3 3.5 230
1.5 5.0 160
5 5 5 5 700
64
10 10 10 10 1400
Eleven players If the scores are distinct,
participated in a the no of wins should be
tournament . Each distinct
player played with
every other player Player Total Wins Loss Points
exactly once. In each 1 10 10 0 40
match , the winning 2 10 9 1 35
player gets 4 points 3 10 8 2 30
and the losing player 4 10 7 3 25
gets 1 point .No 5 10 6 4 20
match ends in a
6 10 5 5 15
draw. Each player
7 10 4 6 10
obtains a distinct
score . Then which of 8 10 3 7 5
the following is a 9 10 2 8 0
possible score of a 10 10 1 9 -5
player? 11 10 0 10 -10
65
Raja went to a casino to play a card game
. He played 3 rounds of the game. In each
round he doubled the amount he had with
him and gave Rs. X to his friend at the end
of the round. The amount he had with him
at the end of the third round after giving
Rs. X to his friend was Rs.140 more than
the sum of the amounts with him at the
end of the previous rounds after giving Rs.
X to his friend. The amount with him at
the end of the second round after giving
Rs. X to his friend was Rs.160 more than
the amount he has with him at the end of
the first round after giving Rs. X to his
friend, find the value of X 66
 After Given to
Before Round Balance
doubling friend
a 1 2a x 2a - x
2a - x 2 4a - 2x x 4a – 3x
4a – 3x 3 8a – 6x x 8a – 7x
8a – 7x = 6a -4x +140
2a – 3x = 140
4a – 3x = 2a -x +160
2a – 2x = 160
Subtracting, x = 20
67
 a + 7b + 3c + 5d = 0 ………..(1)
8a + 4b + 6c + 2d = -16 ………..(2)
2a + 6b + 4c + 8d = 16 ………..(3)
5a + 3b + 7c + d = -16 ………..(4)
Find ( a+ d)(b + c)

(2)+(3) , (a+b+c+d) =0
(1)+(4) - (2) –(3) , -4(a+d) =- 16
(a+d) = 4
(b+c) = - 4
(a+d)(b+c) = -16

68
P, Q, R and S are four books such that the cost of P is
half that of S. Q costs twice as much as R, which in
turn, is costlier than P. How many of the following
statements are either definitely true or definitely false?
I) S costs more than Q
II) P and S together cost less than Q and R together
III) Q and S together cost more than P and R together
IV) S costs more than R
P=k S =2k Q =2l R =l R >P l > K Q >S
Q >R >P S >P Q >R >S >P Or Q >S >R >P
Statement 1 Is Def False
Statement 2 Is Def True
Statement 3 Is Def True
69
Statement 4 cannot say
An examination consists of 160 questions. For
each correct answer, as student earns 1 mark
and for each wrong answer, a student loses
(1/4)th of mark. Find the number of distinct net
scores that a student could earn in the
examination. (1) 790 (2) 797 (3) 795 (4) 801
160 score is possible - 40 score is possible
159 score is possible - 39 score is possible
159.75,159.50 & 159.25 scores not possible
-39.75,-39.50 & -39.25 scores not possible
801 – 6 = 795

70