A SIWES PRESENTATION

UNDERTAKEN AT

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL

RESEARCH OSHODI [FIIRO], LAGOS STATE

PRESENTED BY

ABRAHAM, AKANINYENE MONDAY

AK15/ENG/CPE/001
OUTLINE
 Overview of SIWES
 Brief History of SIWES
 Description of Core Operation of Fiiro
 Experience Gained
 Conclusion
 Challenges Encountered
 Recommendation
 OVERVIEW OF SIWES
The students industrial work experience
scheme[SIWES] is a skill acquisition program
designed by the federal government through its
parastatal [industrial trust fund]ITF for the
students of the tertiary institutions as a
complimentary program to the knowledge
gained through theoretical education,
laboratory and workshop practice engaged in
by students, in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of degree in
bachelor of Engineering.
 AIM
 It helps in developing the
students intellectually as they are
exposed to real life situations and
are often allowed to take
decisions to problems they may
encounter.
 to bridge the gap between theory
and practical.
 OBJECTIVES
 To create an avenue for students to apply learnt
theories in solving problems encountered at their
places of attachment.
 To enable the student gain knowledge that is not
obtainable in the classroom.
 To serve as an avenue for building relationships
and connections that could help career-wise after
their years of undergraduate study.
 To focus and re-focus students on how their
fields of study can build up and develop various
fields of human endeavours.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF FIIRO
 The federal institute of industrial research,
oshodi [FIIRO] is a parastatal under the
federal ministry of science and technology.
 FIIRO was the idea of an economic mission
sent to Nigeria in 1953 by the world Bank.
the mission’s observation was that industrial
research activities in Nigeria were diffused
and uncoordinated with no definite direction.
consequently, a decision was reached to
establish the institute in 1956.
ORGANOGRAM OF FIIRO
 DESCRIPTION OF CORE
OPERATIONS OF FIIRO
 Federal institute of industrial research oshodi is an
institute that is involved mainly in the conduct of
market driven research and development for the
industralization and socio-economic development of
the country.
 Their areas of research & development include;
 R&D of food and agro-allied processing technology.
 R&D into pulp and paper processing.
 R&D into packaging and product design
 Design and fabrication of equipment prototype.
 PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM
VEGETABLE OIL
 Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel obtained from
chemical process from vegetable oil or animal
fats and an alcohol that can be used in diesel
engines alone or blended with petroleum diesel.
 Blends with diesel fuel are indicated as “Bx”,
where “x” is the percentage of biodiesel in the
blend.
 For instance, ”B5” indicates a blend with 5%
biodiesel and 95% diesel fuel; in consequence,
B100 indicates pure biodiesel.
 FEATURES OF BIODIESEL
 Low toxic in comparison with diesel fuel.
 degrades more rapidly than diesel fuel, minimizing
the environmental consequeces of biofuel spills.
 lower health risk due to reduced emission of
carcinogenic substance.
 high flash point.
 excellent properties as lubricant.
 Lower emission of contamination.
 Biodiesel can help cut out our reliance on fossil
fuels ,and improve our energy security and energy
independence.
 TRANSESTERIFICATION
OF OIL
 Transesterification is the reaction of OIL with
an ALCOHOL to give BIODIESEL as a
product and GLYCEROL as a by-product.
 Purpose of transesterification is to reduce
viscosity by removing fatty acid present.
 There are two basic routes to biodiesel
production using transesterification method;
1. Acid catalysed transesterification.
2. Base catalysed transesterification.
 BASE CATALYSED
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF OIL
 Base catalysed transesterification of oil is
most economical due to low temperature and
pressure and it uses NAOH and KOH as
catalyst with a short reaction time.
 The alcohol used for producing biodiesel is
usually methanol because it’s the least
expensive alcohol.
 It takes into consideration the free fatty acid
and produces 98% conversion yield.
 TEST FOR FREE FATTY ACID
 we weighed 1g of oil
 we added 25ml of iso propyl alcohol(IPA) to dissolve
the oil.
 we added 2drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the
mixture.
 calculated the acid value using the formula;-
56.1 × 0.1 × 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑖𝑙
 then calculated the FFA;-
𝐴𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑂𝑋𝐼𝑀𝐴𝑇𝐸 𝐴𝐶𝐼𝐷 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸
2
 ESTERIFICATION OF OIL
 Check the weight of oil
 Calculate the volume of FFA, assuming calculated FFA was
4%,thus( volume of FFA =4% × weight of oil).
 Calculate the volume catalyst(sulfuric acid) using the formula(5%
× volume of FFA).
 Calculate the volume of alcohol (methanol) using(20% × weight
of oil).
 Mix the respective volume of sulfuric acid with the methanol.
 Pour the mixture into the oil, then heat and stir for 60°c/1hr.
 After an hour, pour the heated oil into a separating Funnel to
separate into 2 layers.
 Separate the layer, then heat the oil to evolve any methanol in it.
 Test for FFA again.
 KOH
OIL
METHANO
L
BOILING
FILTERATION/
FILTERED METHOXIDE
SEPARATION
OIL

BIODIESEL CRUDE TRANSESTERIFICA

PURIFICATI BIODIESEL/CRU TION
ON DE GLYCEROL

Heating
QUALITY
GLYCERIN
CONTROL
RECOVERY

BIODIESEL FLOWCHART FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

USING BASE CATALYSED
TRANSESTERIFICATION
 CONDITIONS FOR QUALITY
BIODISEL PRODUCTION
 Good quality biodiesel can be
assured if the following conditions
are met:-
1. The reaction is complete.
2. The biodiesel is washed well.
3. The biodiesel is dry enough.
 CONCLUSION
My six months industrial attachment
with the federal institute of industrial
research was one of the most
productive, interesting and educative
experience in my life and from what I
have undergone, I am sure that the
industrial training program has
achieved its primary objective .
 CHALLENGES
ENCOUNTERED
 The main problems encountered were
getting placement and transportation. It
was quite challenging for me that live in
far place to get to the institute every
working day considering the fact that I
was not paid.
 Also was inconsistent power supply
which led to repetition of most
experiment carried out.
 RECOMMENDATION
 It's recommended that SIWES should
provide places for industrial
attachment for students.
 Industrial training fund should pay
some allowances to students and the
should provide more safety
equipments to prevents further
environmental and health hazard.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING