Types of Cables, Design and Associated

Insulation Faults
By

Maqsood Ahmed Memon

Manager (Tech), NTDC

4th TECHNICAL REFRESHER COURSE (BPS 19 To 20)

TSG TRAINING CENTRE, NTDC NKLP LAHORE   

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1
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

2
 Contents
1 Types of Cable

2 Design of Cables

3 Selection of Transmission System

4 Potential Challenges – Case Studies

5 Achievement

6 Conclusions & Take-Aways

7 References
 Cables
•What is Cable ?
• A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted, or
braided together to form a single assembly.

•Types of Cable ?

1.Single core Cable

2.2 core Cable
3.3 Core Cable
4.3.5 core Cable
5.4 Core Cable
6.Armoured Cable
7.Unarmoured Cable
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Cables

• What is 3.5 core Cables ?

• What is 4 core Cables ?

• What is Armoured Cables ?

• What is Unarmoured Cables ?

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Single Core Cables
A single core cable consists of stranded conductors twisted together
and housed in a PVC covering. It comes as a 6 mm sq. single core,
colour coded green and yellow, and is used for supplementary earth
bonding.

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2 Core Cable
• In 2 Core cable, one conductor acts as a face and another acts as
natural conductors, both the conductors have equal cross sectional
area.
• It is used in telephone service and to connect computer devices

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3 Core Cable
• In 3 Core cable all the conductors have equal cross sectional area. 3
strands carry R,Y & B phase respectively
• It is used as a Neutral wire.

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4 Core Cable
• In case of unbalanced load some neutral current exists. Therefore in
some cases 4 core cable is proffered.
• It is used for lighting, load distribution & applications where
unbalanced loading conditions occur frequently.

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Armoured Cables
• It consists of one or two layers of galvanized steel wire or steel tap.
• It is used protection against mechanical injury.

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Unarmoured Cables
• Constructions of unarmoured cables are same as that armoured
cables expect that Unarmoured cables are not provided with
armouring.
• Unarmoured cables also consists of all parts such as insulation
metallic sheath, bedding & serving.

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Unarmoured Cables

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WAPDA Future Projects

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Project Background

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Project Background

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Transmission Line Route Elevations

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DTLP Project Stats

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Consultancy Contracts

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Details of the Scope

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765/220kV Mansehra SS

Steep Gorges Area

765/500/220/132kV IWGS GS

Steep Gorges Area

 Site Picture
Typical Terrain between Dasu and Besham

Steep Gorges Area

 Site Picture
Typical Terrain between Dasu and Besham

Landslide Area
 Site Picture
Typical Terrain between Besham and Manshera
 Site Picture
Typical Terrain between Besham and Manshera
 Contents
1 Introduction & Background of DTLP

2 Design of Cables

3 Selection of Transmission System

4 Potential Challenges – Case Studies

5 Achievement

6 Conclusions & Take-Aways

7 References
 Current Status of Projects
Lot PQ Bidding RfB Docs Bid Land Acquisition Remarks
Opening

Lot 1 Completed 1S, 1E Under final - - PQ NOL issued by

approval with WB on 23.6.2021
WB

Lot 2 Completed 1S, 1E Under final - - PQ NOL issued by

approval with WB on 23.6.2021
WB
Lot 3 Completed 1S, 1E NOL Received - In progress
(Corrigendum in Section-IV in
process)

Lot 4 NA 1S, 2E NoL Received 13.9.21 - Owned 232 out of Tender on sale from
1625Kanals 27.7.21
- Partition of land is in process
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 Contents
1 Introduction & Background of DTLP

2 Current Status of DTLP

3 Selection of Transmission System

4 Potential Challenges – Case Studies

5 Achievement

6 Conclusions & Take-Aways

7 References
HV Cable Extruding Facility
Extruder
heads

Vulcanisation

Cool down

Outer
conductor
winding
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Summary of System Studies

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Cost Analysis

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 Contents
1 Introduction & Background of DTLP

2 Current Status of DTLP

3 Selection of Transmission System

4 Potential Challenges – Case Studies

5 Achievement

6 Conclusions & Take-Aways

7 References
 
Challenges Strategies
Consultancy Contracts - Quality of - Identified the grey areas and planning
Deliverables and Associated delays - Team Formation and work
1 (1 Year for assignment-A as per - Regular Meetings with Consultant
contract) - Started documenting the lags/ lapses
Non-deployment of proper experts - Ensured Meetings are attended by the
by consultant relevant experts
2 - Certification of invoices linked with the
quality of deliverables
Outstanding site surveys
by Example: Telecom data collection
consultant Arranged locally with the help of NTDC
3
Telecom Deptt. to avoid delays
Covid-19 Pandemic and impacts - Online meetings
on scope delivery - Impact on PQ process
4 - Site visits/surveys-local arrangement
- Telecom NTDC engagement 34
 Challenges Strategies
Pre-qualification Criteria Example: Lot 1&2 - Specific Experience
5
Criteria
Timely completion of Pre- - Active communication and follow up with the
6 qualification Process P&CM and WB Team
Timely Finalization of RfB - Circulated the documents to Design,
documents protection, telecom and civil department
7 - Had 50+ online meetings for resolution of
comments/issues
E-logging and project data - Using MS Excel, hyperlinked document data
8 management base
9 Land Acquisition - Acquisition through Govt procedures
Miscellaneous - Trainings for NTDC staff
10 - Land Acquisition – lessons learnt
- Boundary wall scope
Project Management - Basic and Key aspect, need more attention
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 Achievements
• Successful completion of PQ process with zero grievances dressal
• Received NOL from Bank on Rfb documents for IWGS and
documents have been issued
• Received NOL from Bank on Rfb documents for Mansehra grid
• Rfb documents for 765kV Transmission Line project is under final
approval with Bank
• E-logging of official records – going on

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 Conclusions and Recommendations
• Project Management is key and essential element for project engineers to
embrace successful project delivery – Trainings and knowledge sharing
• Our core strength is professional knowledge, we must raise the bars to achieve
‘expert’ level
• Decision making, right persons for right job – need of the hour
• Timely Planning, ‘proactivness’ and ‘sharpen the saw’ – best tools to handle the
upcoming challenges
• Challenge yourself before challenging the projects
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 References
• [1] Integrated interconnection studies for power dispersal from large sized hydropower projects on Indus River and its tributaries and
Thar coal power complex by planning power department, NTDC in 2005.
• [2] “Dasu hydropower project” (feasibility report) under a joint venture Montgomery Watson Hazara Energy and Infras. Inc U.S.A,
Colenco Power Engineering Limited, Switzerland, National Engineering Services (Pvt.) Limited (NESPAK) Pakistan, Associated
Consulting Engineers (Pvt.) Limited, Binnie and Partners (Overseas) Limited U.K in 2009.
• [3] Feasibility study for evacuation of “Power from 26 planned hydropower plants (HPPs)” by international consultants Parsons
Brinckerhoff Limited, U.K (Joint Venture Leader) with Mirza Associates Engineering Services (Pvt.) Limited, Pakistan and Power
Planners International (PPI) Limited, U.K in April 2012.
• [4] “Transmission line Reference Book, HVDC to +-600kV”, Electric Power Research Institute, USA.
• [5] “Transmission system planning performance requirements” by transmission reliability criteria of North American Reliability Council
(NERC) Document Number:TLP001-2,Page10,August4,2011 (http://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Pages/ReliabilityStandards.aspx).
• [6] “Power system reliability criteria of different countries”, multiple contingency testing reliability criteria of North East Power
Coordinating Council (NEPCC), Canada,Survey,CIGRE,1998,Appendix2,Page11
http://www.neca.com.au/Files/TDPR_Specification_and_Negotiation_Report_Annex1.doc.
• [7] Conductor optimization report (765kV), KEPCO report, submitted to NTDC on April 2016.
• [8] Map of seismic hazard zones of Pakistan, published by geological survey of Pakistan-GSP 2006
• [9] Geological/Geotechnical investigation report, KEPCO, submitted to NTDC, May 2016.
• [10] Performa PC1 - Transmission Scheme for Dispersal of Power from Neelum-Jhelum, Karot and Azad Pattan Hydro Power Projects
(Revised).
• [11] “AEP__ITC_Technical_Study_Report_Proposed_765_kV_Transmission_Infrastructure_Expansion_-_July_27_2007”

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