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 HEALTH
 The word health is derived from the Old
English term hal, meaning sound, or whole.

 “A state of complete physical, mental

and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity"
(WHO, 1948)

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 MEDICAL DEFINITIONS
"A state characterized by anatomic, physiologic and
psychological integrity; ability to perform personally
valued family, work and community roles; ability to deal
with physical, biologic, psychological and social stress..." 

(Stokes J. J Community Health 1982;8:33-41)

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 FITNESS VS HEALTH
 To produce health benefits, the intensity,
duration, and frequency of activity is less than
that required to produce improved fitness.
 Improved fitness is measured by how much
exercise you can do.
 Improved health is measured by improved
physiologic function of body systems.

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 MEASURES OF POPULATION
HEALTH
 Aggregate health status of individuals (e.g.,
mortality, morbidity, life expectancy, disease rates;
health behaviours)
 Environmental indicators (e.g., pollution, social
inequalities, political stability)
 Community infrastructure and functioning (e.g.,
availability & accessibility of health services)

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 MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS
o Heart disease and stroke
o Mental health and illnesses
o Cancer
o Injury
o Respiratory diseases - asthma, COPD
o Diabetes, liver disease
o Infectious diseases
o Perinatal conditions

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 OPTIMUM HEALTH
Balance of Physical, Mental and Social health

POOR HEALTH
 It may include physical ailments causing
acute or chronic disabilities as well as mental
health issues that limit independent
functioning.

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DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Health Healthy or unhealthy
Behaviors 50%
behaviors impact an
Environment individuals health more
20%
than anything else.
Genetics 20%
 Physical Activity
 Nutrition
 Tobacco/Alcohol/ Drugs
Access to Care
10%
 Stress Management

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 WELLNESS

"A process and not a measurable concrete or

static state of being: Wellness . . . is a
continuous moving toward a greater
awareness of yourself and the way in which
your environment, interpersonal
relationships, nutrition, fitness, stress, and
other factors influence you" (Hafen et al.,
1988, p. 2).

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 Dimensions of Wellness
Physical
Spiritual
Social
Psychological
Emotional
Intellectual
Occupational

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 INTELLECTUAL HEALTH
 Encouragement of creative mental activity
 Expansion of knowledge of self and world
 Avoidance of idle thoughts and boredom

SOCIAL HEALTH
 Encourages contribution to the welfare of the community
 Meaningful relationships with others
 Family life rich and fulfilling
 Positive personal relationships

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EMOTIONAL HEALTH
 emphasis on awareness/acceptance of feelings
 positive thinking about one's self and others
 realistic assessment of abilities and limitations
 maintenance of satisfying relationships with others
PHYSICAL HEALTH
complete fitness program including CV fitness, strength, flexibility, & stamina
positive nutritional habits
positive health habits with drugs and alcohol
Safety and risk reduction behavior

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
work which is satisfying and meaningful
work which leads toward self actualization

(This dimension is also called vocational health)

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 SPIRITUAL HEALTH
a sense of purpose and meaning to life
learning how to experience love, joy, and fulfillment
one’s ethics, values, and code of living
* These things may or may not be part of formal
religion

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 PREDICTIONS OF HEALTH CARE

 The Doctor of the future will give no

medicine but will interest his patient in the
care of the human frame, in diet, and in the
cause and prevention of disease.

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 HOLISTIC MEDICINE
 Canadian Holistic Medical Association emphasizes
 The need to look at the whole person, including
analysis of physical, nutritional, environmental,
emotional, social, spiritual and lifestyle values.
 It encompasses all stated modalities of diagnosis and
treatment including drugs and surgery, if no safe
alternative exists.
 Holistic medicine focuses on education and
responsibility for personal efforts to achieve balance
and well being.

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AMERICAN HOLISTIC HEALTH
ASSOCIATION

This expended perspective of holistic health

care considers
THE WHOLE PERSON AND THE
WHOLE SITUATION.

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 CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
 Allopathic medicine; Western medicine,
orthodox medicine, and regular medicine;
and biomedicine.
 A system in which medical doctors and other
healthcare professionals (such as nurses,
pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms
and diseases using drugs, radiation, or
surgery.

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 CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
 People who use conventional medicine usually do not
seek treatment until they become ill; there is little
emphasis on preventive treatment.
 The main causes of illness are considered to be
pathogens-bacteria or viruses-or biochemical
imbalances.
 Scientific tests are often used in diagnosis. Drugs,
surgery, and radiations are among the key tools for
dealing with the problems.

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 CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
 Conventional treatments are treatments of
diseases, not of people.
 The side effects of these drugs are a direct
extension of their actions and may be fatal.
 A Harvard research team concluded that
180,000 Americans are killed in hospitals by
their doctors every year. Most of these deaths
occur because doctors prescribe drugs
without paying attention to the special
characteristics of the person for whom the
drugs are prescribed.

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 CONVETIONAL VS HOLISTIC APPROACH
HOLISTIC CONVENTIONAL
PHILOSOPHY Based on Allopathic, Based on allopathic medicine.
Osteopathic,Naturopathic
medicine.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To promote optimal health, to To cure or reduce pathology.

prevent or treat disease.

DIAGNOSIS Medical history, physical Medical history, physical

exam, Lab data, holistic health exam, Lab data.
care sheet.

PRIMARY CARE Empowers patient to heal Eliminates sign and

METHOD themselves through health symptoms.
promotion & lifestyle changes.

PRIMARY CARE Diet,Exercise, Environmental Medications and surgery.

TREATMENT OPTIONS: measures, attitidinal
&behavioural
modification,relationship & 25
Spirtual counselling.
 HOLISTIC CONVENTIONAL
SECONDARY CARE Botanical medicine, Diet, exercise, physical therapy
TREATMENT OPTIONS homeopathy, acupuncture, and stress management.
manual medicine, physical
therapy, medications &
surgery.

WEAKNESSES Shortage of holistic Ineffective in preventing and

physicians and training curing chronic disease;
programmes; time-intensive expensive.
not a quick fix.

STRENGTHS Teaches patient to take Highly therapeutic in treating

responsibility for their own both acute and life threatening
health,so its cost effective in illness and injuries.
treating both acute and
chronic illnesess.therapeutic
in preventing& treating
chronic diseases & essential
in creating optimal health,

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 Prevention Practice
 Health care standard have shifted from
one emphasizing illness to….. one stressing
health, function, quality of life and well being.
 This shift in health care has resulted in a
surge in prevention practice designed to
reduce disease through helping people modify
their lifestyle behaviors to optimize health.

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 THREE TYPES OF PREVENTION
PRACTICE
 Primary Prevention

 Secondary Prevention

 Tertiary Prevention

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PREVENTING CARE PERFORMED
BY PHYSICAL THERAPISTS
Screening Activities
• Identification of children with possible
developmental delay.
• Scoliosis in school going adolescents.
• Detection of ergonomic risk factors in work
place.

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Cont…..

Prevention activities
• Pre-partum and post-partum exercises classes
to improve woman’s health.
• Exercise classes for elders to enhance Balance
and flexibility.
• Cardiovascular conditioning activities for
individuals who are at risk for obesity.

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 Role of Physical Therapist
• PT are expert in Evaluation, examination, motor capabilities,
goals, and functional limitations of individuals with
musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiopulmonary,
integumentary and other systems.
 PT Optimize health and manage illness through customized exercises that
enhance motor control, fitness and address potential medical complication.
 PT determines an individual’s functional capabilities by examining the
requisite motor skills and behavior needed to perform tasks relevant to
that individual’s role in society. Athlete vs. older patient.
 Personal sense of meaningful living.
 Optimal quality of life.

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 Role of Physical Therapist
 Traditionally: In the management of Physical
impairments and functional limitation
,associated with an individual’s medical problem.
 Currently: In prevention, identifying risk factors,
developing health promotion strategies that
affect health, fitness and wellness.
 PT apply their extensive knowledge for
improving or adapting & motor tasks for more
independent movements function.

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BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

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 Key role
 Providing education, guidance, consultation, direct
intervention to maintain physical activity for self care,
mobility, leisure skills, work and play.
 PT restore, maintain and promote not only optimal physical
function, but optimal wellness and fitness and optimal quality
of life as it relates to movement and health.

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