Auto focus camera

Canon EOS camera

• Canon EOS 620 and 650 electro optical system
• Control areas:
1. Film speed and number of exposure uses DX code
2. Measurement of receiving light through lens
3. Integration of operation with flash
4. Setting of aperture and shutter speed  fully automatic
5. Other modes  appropriate setting
6. Automatic film advance, depth of field and focal length of
the lens is controlled
 Aperture
• The aperture controls the amount of light that reaches
a digital camera sensor.
• An aperture acts much like the pupil of an eye. It
opens wider as light decreases to let in more available
light.
• It gets smaller when light increases to reduce the
amount of light entering the eye.
• The faster the shutter speed, the larger the opening of the
lens and visa versa.
 Microprocessor used in EOS
system
MICROPROCESSOR FUNCTION
Main Control of automatic exposure
and focus sequence of control
Lens Data communication: control of
focusing drive
Flash Data communication flashing
element control
Data back Data communication storage
camera drive control
 Actuators in EOS system
Actuators Function
Motor I Film transport
Motor II Shutter & mirror action
Motor III Focusing drive
Motor IV Lens aperture drive
Motor V Flash zoom drive
Shutter magnet Exposure time control
 Sensor in EOS system
Parameter sensed Comments
Focus Distance measurement

Focal length Encoder sense change in focal

length of a zoom lens
Lens drive Photoelectric sensor generates
pulses as lens rotates and focus
changes
Lens mounting Leaf switch

DX code Pins detect pattern on the outside

of film cassette
Back open/close Leaf switch

Film transport Movement of film generates series

of pulses
 Power supplies
Power source Function
Lithium battery Main power supply for body and lens
Alkaline battery Power supply for flash
 Leaf switch

• The leaf switches is a two-way

deflecting switch. It has a soft, red vinyl,
non-abrasive casing.
• The switch is normally open and is
actuated by deflecting the leaf as shown
above. It remains closed until the
deflection force is removed.
 Exposure

•Longer shutter speeds result in increased exposure

•Exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic

medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a
photograph
 autofocus
• Autofocus (AF) really could be called power-focus,
as it often uses a computer to run a miniature motor
that focuses the lens for you.
• Focusing is the moving of the lens in and out until
the sharpest possible image of the subject is
projected onto the film.
• Depending on the distance of the subject from the
camera, the lens has to be a certain distance from
the film to form a clear image.
 Sensor output
In focus Film plane

Forward focus

Narrow than
when in
focus

Rearward focus

Wider than
when in
focus
Reference image spacing for in focus image
 Depth of field setting
• Depth of field set can be set by focusing
on nearby object and then distant object
 required depth of field is preset
• When shutter is pressed focus is
automatically adjusted to value between
two preset value and the aperture is
adjusted to give maximum depth of field
 Focusing Drive
• Two forms of drive are used:
• 1.Arc form drive
• 2.Ultrasonic motor
• Works based on lens microprocessor
using information received from main
processor
 Arc Form Drive
• Uses brushless hall motor as actuator
• Basically permanent magnet stepper
motor which uses hall effect sensor to
detect position of rotor
• Gears helps in transmitting drive from
motor to focusing mechanism
• Uses helicoid or cam to drive lens along
optical axis thus changes
 Ultrasonic motor
• The ultrasonic motor ( USM ) is a new type of
solid state motor, which is driven by the
ultrasonic vibration of a piezoelectric transducer.
• The ultrasonic vibration is transformed into
output torque (in rotary USM)
• Current  applied to individual elements 
expand or contract according to polarity of the
current
• Helical wave produced  transmitted to
helicoids to move focusing element
• Compact, silent , low speed ,high torque
Ultrasonic motor