AN ENCRYPTION SCHEME USING

DNA TECHNOLOGY
By
Dept. of Control of Science & Engineering, Houzang Uni. China
Delivered By

BILAL TANOLI
SCHEME OF PRESENTATION
 Introduction to DNA
 Structure of DNA
 Why DNA Computing …?
 Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)
 DNA Digital Coding
 Encryption Scheme
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION TO DNA
 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

 DNA represents the genetic blueprint of living

creatures

 DNA is organized into chromosomes , which are

present within the nuclei of the cells.

 A gene is a segment of DNA on a chromosome that

codes for a specific protein and thus determines a
trait.
STRUCTURE OF THE DNA
 DNA is made of 2 long strands of nucleotides
arranged in a specific way called the
"Complementry Rule”
 Sides”
Sugar-phosphate backbones
 “ladders”
complementary base pairs
Adenine & Thymine
Guanine & Cytosine
 STRUCTURE OF DNA
 Two strands are held together by weak
hydrogen bonds between the
complementary base pairs
 GENETIC DIVERSITY
 Different arrangements of NUCLEOTIDES in a
nucleic acid (DNA) provides the key to
DIVERSITY among living organisms.
WHY DNA COMPUTING…?

 Limitations of Moor’s law

 Life cycle of silicon chip will come to an

end.

 Intel scientists say it will happen in about

the year 2018
 Require a successor to silicon.
WHY DNA COMPUTING…?
 It provides massive parallel processing.

 Huge storage capability.

 A super computer can achieve 10^12 ops

/sec. In sharp contrast the DNA computers
can achieve speeds up to 10^17 ops/ sec.
 POLYMERASE CHAIN
REACTION (PCR)
 The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is
scientific technique  in  molecular biology to
amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of
DNA across several orders of magnitude,
generating thousands to millions of copies a
particular DNA sequence.
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
(PCR)
 DNA DIGITAL CODING
 binary digital coding has a base of 2, and
anything can be encoded by two state 0 or 1
 DNA Digital Coding has four kinds of bases,
which are adenine (A) and thymine (T) or
cytosine (C) and guanine (G) in DNA
sequence.
 The simplest coding patterns to encode the 4
nucleotide bases (A, T, C, G) is by means of 4
digits: 0(00),1(01), 2(10), 3(11).
 DNA DIGITAL CODING

 DNA digital coding follows a Watson-

Crick complementary rule i.e. (~0)=1,
and (~1=0) .

 According to this complementary rule,

DNA digital code 0(00) complements to
3(11) and 1(01) complements to 2(10).
 ENCRYPTION SCHEME

 Key Generation

 The message-sender Alice designs a

forward primer for PCR amplification &
sends it to bob

 Bob also designs a reverse primer for PCR

amplification and transmits it to Alice over
a secure channel.
 ENCRYPTION SCHEME
 The exchange of pair of PCR primers gives:

 Encryption key KA that is a pair of PCR

primers
 Bob’s public key e,
 decryption key KB that is a pair of PCR
primers
 Bob’s secret key d.
 ENCRYPTION
 PRETREATMENT DATA PROCESS
 Convert plain text to hexadecimal
 Convert hexadecimal into binary plain text M’.
 M’ is converted into the binary cipher text C’ by
using Bob’s public key e.
 Binary cipher text C’ is converted into DNA
sequence according to the DNA digital coding
technology.
 secrete-message DNA sequence is placed among
dummies.
 DECRYPTION
 Bob picks up the secret-message DNA
sequence by using the correct primer pairs.

 Bob translates the secret-message DNA

sequence into the binary ciphertext C ‘.
 C’ is decrypted into M ‘by using secret key e.
 Applying data post treatment on M’ gives
M.
ENCRYPTION SCHEME
 CONCLUSION
 Technologies used in this scheme:
 DNA synthesis.
 PCR amplification DNA digital coding .
 Traditional cryptography.
 Security Concerns
 PCR two primer pairs used as key
 Complex biological operations
 Cryptographic algorithms
Q&A
THANK YOU