Dr.

Ali Nasre Alam

Health Indicators
 Health Indicators

A Health indicator is a characteristic of

an individual, population, or environment
which is subject to measurement
(directly or indirectly)
and can be used to describe
one or more aspects of the health of
an individual or population
(quality, quantity and time).
These are Variables, which help to measure change.
Indicators are required:

•To measure the health status

•To compare the health status between countries
•For assessment of health care needs
•For allocation of scarce resources
•For monitoring and evaluation of health services,
activities and programs
 MORTALITY INDICATORS
 Crude death rate
 Expectation of life
 Infant mortality rate
 Child mortality rate
 Under five-mortality rate
 Maternal mortality rate
 Disease specific mortality
 Proportional mortality rate
 MORBIDITY INDICATORS
 Incidence and prevalence
 Notification rates
 Attendance rates outpatients
 Admissions
 Spells of sickness
 DISABILITY RATES
Event Type Indicators
No of days of restricted activity

Bed disability days

Work loss days

Person Type Indicators

Limitation of mobility (confined to bed, confined to

house)
Limitation of activity (limitation to perform the basic

activities of daily life

 NUTRITIONAL INDICATORS
 Anthropometric measurements
• Height
• Weight
• Arm circumference

 Height of children at entry to school

 Prevalence of low birth weight babies

 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
INDICATORS
 Doctor population ratio
 Doctor nurse ratio
 Population bed ratio
 Population per health center
 Population per traditional birth attendant
 UTILIZATION RATES
 Population of infants who are fully immunized
against the EPI diseases
 UTILIZATION RATES
 Proportion of pregnant women who receive
antenatal care or delivered by a trained birth
attendant
 Percentage of population using various methods of
family planning
 Bed occupancy rates
 Average length of stay
 Bed turn over ratio
SOCIAL & MENTAL HEALTH Indicators
Suicide

Homicide

Acts of violence and crime

Road traffic accidents

Juvenile delinquency

Alcohol and drug abuse

Smoking

Consumption of tranquilizers

Obesity

Family violence

Battered baby
 ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

Pollution of air
Water

Radiation

Solid waste

Noise

Toxic substances in food, drinks

Proportion of population having access to safe

water and sanitation facilities

 SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS

Rate of population increase

Per capita GNP

Level of unemployment

Dependency ratio

Literacy rate especially female literacy rate

Family size

Housing

Per capita calorie availability

 HEALTH POLICY INDICATORS

Proportion of GNP spent on health services

Proportion of GNP spent on health related activities

(water supply, Sanitation, housing, nutrition,

community development)
Proportion of total health resources devoted to

Primary health care

 INDICATORS OF QUALITY OF LIFE

Physical quality of life index it consolidates

three indicators

• Infant mortality
• Life expectancy at birth
• Literacy
 SOCIAL INDICATORS
Population
Families and households

Learning and educational services

Earning activities

Distribution of income consumption

Social security

Welfare services

Health services and nutrition

Housing and its environment

Public order and safety

Time use, leisure and culture

Social stratification and mobility

 BASIC NEED INDICATORS
 Calorie consumption
 Access to safe water
 Life expectancy
 Death due to disease
 Illiteracy
 Doctors and nurses per population
 Rooms per person
 GNP per capita
THE HEALTH INDICATORS
 1. Crude Birth Rate:

 It is defined as “Number of live births per 1000

population in mid year.

 2. Crude Death Rate:

 It is defined as “Number of deaths per 1000

estimated midyear population of area.

 3. Infant Mortality Rate:

 The statistical rate of infant death during the first

year after live birth expressed as the number of

such births per 1000 live births in a specific
geographic areas or institution in a given period of
time.
2012-13
Total population is estimated 184.35 million

2011-12
Population was 180.71 million

Population Growth Rate has Decreased

from 2.03 percent (2011-12)
to 2.0 percent in 2012-13.
2012-13

Total Health sector budget Rs.79.4 billion

Rs.17.3 billion for development and
Rs.62.1 billion for current expenditure

Equivalent to 0.35% of GDP

(compared to 0.27% in 2011-12.)
2012-13 2011-12
Doctor 160,289, 152,188 doctors,
Dentists 12,544 11,584 dentists,
Nurses 82,119 77,683 nurses
Hosp beds 101,173 107,537 hosp beds
The population and health facilities ratio

2012-13
1,127 persons / doctors,
14,406 persons / dentist and
1,786 persons / hospital bed.

2011-12
1,164 persons / doctor,
15,288 persons / dentist and
1647 person / hospital bed in 2011-12
2012-2013
1,207 hospitals,
5,382 dispensaries,
5,404 basic health units
696 maternity and child health centres

2011-12
980 hospital,
5,039 dispensaries,
5,449 basic health units
851 maternity and child health centres
8,000 Lady Health Workers (LHWs) have been
trained and deployed mostly in the rural areas.
Moreover, some 6 million children have been
immunized and 20 million packets of ORS has
been distributed compared to

9,500 LHWs, 7 million children have been

immunized and 20 million packets of ORS in
2011-12.
Life expectancy has also increased from
66.1 (female) and 64.3 (male) in 2011-12 to
66.5 (female) and 64.6 (male) in 2012-13
`
Crude Birth Rate has improved from
27.20 /1000 (2011-12) to 26.80 /1000

Crude Death Rate has decreased from

7.2 /1000 (2011-12) to 7.0 /1000 in 2012-13.
`
Infant Mortality Rate decreased to
67.50 /1000 in 2012-13 from 69.0 /1000
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is 3.3 children
per women in 2012-13 as compared to
3.4 in 2011-12.

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate has

increased from
27 percent (2011-12) to 30 percent in
2012-13.
`
Urban population has increased to
69.87 million (2012-13)
67.5 million in 2011-12

While rural population also increased to

114.4 million (2012-13)
113.1 million in 2011-12
`
Thank You