Material And Construction 1

Submitted by:
Arghyadip Sarkar
Section: A
Roll No: 27502319006
Year: First
Semester: 2nd

Date: 04 /04/ 2020

 PRE-CAST CONCRETE

Introduction:
Its basically a construction product produced by
casting concrete in a reusable mold. It is cured
in a controlled environment, transported to the
construction site and lifted into place.

Here is a simplified overview of the precast

concrete process:
1. Precast concrete is poured into a
wooden or steel mold with wire mesh
or rebar. This mold may also have
prestressed cable, if needed.
2. It is cured in a controlled environment
— usually at a plant.
3. Once finished, the precast concrete is
transported to a construction site and
put into place.
Properties of precast concrete: 
Great dimensional accuracy and finishes.
Better quality critical elements.
Design flexibility.
No on-site space for moulds and reinforcement
storage
Faster erection at site.

Precast concrete is made up of coarse and fine

aggregates, cement, water, and admixtures. It is mixed
in the factory's batch plant according to
the concrete mix design specified by the engineer.
Uses of precast concrete: 
Precast concrete is widely used in low-
and mid-rise apartment buildings,
hotels, motels, and nursing homes.
The concrete provides superior fire
resistance and sound control for the
individual units and reduces fire
insurance rates. 
Precast concrete is also a popular
material for constructing office
buildings.
A Precast Concrete History Lesson:
Although precast concrete was not
widely used until the early 1950s, it got
its start in architecture long before
that. Today it is one of the most widely
used materials in construction
worldwide.
Market Demands: 
US demand for precast concrete products is
forecast to rise 6.4 percent per year to $12.2
billion in 2018, spurred by
rebounding construction activity.

Demand for pre cast concrete products will be

boosted by their ability to reduce the time and
expense of construction projects while also
improving quality.

Booming construction sector followed by
rising demand of high strength concrete is the
prime factor driving the market growth.
Rapid urbanization and industrialization will
also drive the demand for precast
concrete during the forecast period. 

Demand for precast concrete is expected to

grow 3.8% per annum through 2022.
ACCELERATORS
Introduction:
It is an admixture, when it is added to
concrete, mortar, or grout, it increases
the rate of hydration of hydraulic
cement
And reduces the time to set in concrete.
It increases the rate of hardening also.

Accelerating admixtures can be divided

into groups based on their performance
and application:

 Set Accelerating Admixtures

 Hardening Accelerators
Set Accelerating
Admixtures:
Set accelerating admixtures are best defined as
those which, when added to concrete, mortar or
paste, increase the rate of hydration of hydraulic
cement, shorten the time of setting and increase
the rate of early strength development.

Set accelerators work by acting as a catalyst for

hydration reactions. The products of hydration
reactions continuously accumulate, and the
reactions continue until either all of the cement
or all of the water in the mix has been
exhausted.

Set time accelerating admixtures allow concrete

producers to decrease concrete setting time
according to their specific project needs.
Hardening Accelerators:
Hardening Accelerating Admixtures help to
increase the early strength of concrete without
affecting initial workability.

Hardening accelerators are most effective at

low temperature. Accelerators can be used
with super plasticisers where early age
strength is required.

Hardening accelerators are most effective at

low temperature. Accelerators can be used
with super plasticisers where early age
strength is required.

Hardening accelerators greatly reduce cycle times

in precast operations and will also facilitate
shorter hardening times during wintertime.
Cement Accelerator:
A cement accelerator is an admixture for the use
in concrete, mortar, rendering or screeds. The
addition of an accelerator speeds the setting time and
thus cure time starts earlier. This allows concrete to
be placed in winter with reduced risk of frost damage.

Calcium chloride is the most effective accelerator and

gives both setting and hardening characteristics.
However, is limited due to acceleration of corrosion of
steel reinforcement and decrease resistance of
cement paste in a sulphate environment.

For this reason, it should not be used in concrete

where any steel will be embedded but may be used in
plain unreinforced concrete.

Chloride-free accelerators are typically based on salts

of nitrate, nitrite, format and thiocyanate.
Properties of Accelerator:

The present research study focused

on the high early strength concrete
properties that can be produced
with large replacement
of cement by fly ash.

It reduces the time for the mix to

change from the plastic to the
hardened state.
Uses of Accelerator:
 It has High initial strength
 It is cost effective.
 It is Beneficial when used with fly ash
 It Improves workability
 It Reduces final set time

Market Demands:
Concrete Admixture Market size was USD
18.85 billion in 2018 and will grow at a
CAGR of 6.4% from 2019 to 2026. Growing
multiplicity of high-end buildings,
condominiums, and residential as well as
commercial infrastructure in Asia Pacific and
Middle East will enhance the industry
expansion by 2026.
FERROCEMENT
Introduction:
Ferrocement is a construction material
consisting of wire meshes and cement
mortar.
Ferrocement is a composite material
composed of a mortar reinforced with
light steel fabric/mesh, used to form thin
sections. 
 Ferrocement is a durable waterproof no
repairs crack resistance material. At the
same time ferrocement is better
earthquake resistant and wind resistant
and resistant to all disasters.
Properties of Ferrocement:

It is very durable, cheap and versatile material

High tensile strength and stiffness

Suitability for precasting.

20 percent savings in materials and cost

Good fire resistance

Good Impermeability

Low maintenance cost

Uses of Ferrocement:
Used in making boats.
Used as planks for shelves in housing
projects replacing costly wooden planks.
Used in construction of boxes for water and
electrical meters.
Used in construction of sewage manhole
covers.
Ferro-cement components are Used in
Rural areas for low cost housing.
Market Demands:
Ferrocement is a type of thin wall reinforced
concrete construction. Thus, the
construction industry must keep up with the
advanced technology and systems to cope up
with the modern trends and demands.

Conclusion:
In India, Ferrocement is used often because
the constructions made from it are more
resistant to earthquakes.
It has a wide range of other uses including
sculpture and prefabricated building
components.