Leadership and Organizational

behaviour
Group Members :
Amjad Ali
Aimen Batool
Junaid Ali
Asad Abbas
 Impression Management

 Impression management is a conscious or subconscious process in

which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people
about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling
information in social interaction.
 It was first conceptualized by Erving Goffman in 1959 in The
Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, and then was expanded upon in
1967.
 Impression management is how to make a favorable impression ,
how to perceive others and evaluate others on the basis of
• Dress , make-up, hairstyle
• Manner and general behaviour,
• Body language
 The process of portraying yourself to others in a manner that creates a
desired impression.
 We control the view the audience have of us because we are worried
what they will think of us.
Self in everyday life
• Life is a dramatic performance for us
• We perform for others.
• We present a kind of act to them.
• We perform differently in different situations and the world is our
stage
 Self monitoring

 Individuals who are high in self monitoring are more

likely than individuals who are low in self monitoring
to engage in impression management tactics .
 Self monitoring, a concept introduced in the 1970s
by Mark Synder.
 Self monitoring is defined as a personality trait that
refers to an ability to regulate behavior to
accommodate social situations.
 Organizational Politics
 Dealing with politics at work?
• (a) the effect of the perception of organizational politics on employees’
performance,
• (b) the mitigating role of impression management (self-promotion and
ingratiation) for the detrimental effect of perception of organizational politics
on work performance.
 Political Behavior
 Legitimate Political Behavior
 Illegitimate Political Behavior
 Conditions For Organizational Politics
• Tolerance of Politics
• Scarce Resources
• Organizational
• Complex and Ambiguous Decisions
 Politics Skills

 Managing political behaviour

• Ethical and positive Role Model
• Open and Honest Communication
• Eliminate or Reduction of Uncertainty
• Study the Political Behaviour
 Is A political Action Ethical
• Utilitarianism
• Rights
• Justice
Theories of Impression management

 Categories
 Motivation related theories
 Interaction related theories
 Cybernetic theory
 Motivation Theories

 VIE Theories
 The two components Motivation
 Interaction related theories

 Role theory
 Social influence theory
 Interdependence theory
Dimension of Impression Management

 Self Promotion: Students try to match their behaviors to

that of the instructors.
 Behavioral Matching: Students try to present themselves
in as positive a light as possible.
 Other Promotion: Students try to flatter their instructors.
 Justification: Students give excuses for their
incompetency in non completion of work.
 Consistent Performance: Students try hard to maintain
their test performance.
Impression Management Techniques

 CONFORMITY 
It’s the act of matching your behavior with the group or
environmental norms and attitudes.
 For example, students need to conform to a set of rules while
they’re present on school grounds or in the classroom. 
 EXCUSES 
They generally refer to an explanation that cushions the
consequences of a negative or unacceptable event.
 For example, we may make excuses when we’re late to work.
 ACCLAIM 
It means to proudly and openly acknowledge somebody when they do their
work properly or correctly.
 For example, in team feedback sessions, managers give employees who
are doing a good job a pat on the back. 
 FLATTERY 
To excessively compliment someone to appear likable or perceptive is to
flatter them.
 For example, if you want an extra serving of food, you may compliment
and flatter the chef.
 SELF-PROMOTION 
To emphasize your best characteristics or downplay your weaknesses are
some of the effective ways of promoting or advertising yourself. Social media
influencers are widely known for self-promotion.
 FAVORS
To do something nice for others to receive approval or
acceptance is to do a favor.
 For example, you may take on some extra work so that
your coworker can attend their child’s school play.
 ASSOCIATION
Sometimes we associate with certain people to protect or
promote our self-image.
 For example, people network at conferences so that they
can reach out to more people in the industry later.