READING SKILLS 2

(PARAGRAPH READING SKILLS,

FINDING THE MAIN IDEA)

English Team Fapetkan Untad

 FINDING THE MAIN IDEA
Location of a topic sen
Topic Sentence
tence

The sentence  In the beginnin

that contains g
 In the middle
the main idea
 At the end
of the paragra
ph
 What is reading?
• Reading is the process of getti
ng back and understanding so
me form of stored information
or ideas.
 What do we read?
• Reading by humans is mostly
done from paper with ink, e.g.
a book, magazine, newspaper,
leaflet, notebook. (PRINT)
• Now you can do reading via th
e 'World Wide Web' (NON PRI
NT).
 How do we read?
• We read at different speeds for
different purposes of reading
….
 Detailed reading:
• Reading for memorization (und
er 100 words per minute)
• Reading for learning (100–200
wpm)
to slow down when the
concepts are closer together
or when the content is
unfamiliar
 Detailed reading:
• Reading for comprehension (2
00–400 wpm) –Important !

the essence of most

people’s daily reading
Skimming: for getting the gist of
something
• Skimming (400–700 wpm)

Use skimming when

you're trying to decide if a
book in the library or
bookshop is right for you.

When you're going through a newspaper

or magazine in the morning: you read
quickly to get the main points, and skip
over the detail. Then you rush to your
school.
Scanning: for a specific focus
Scanning (more than 700 wpm)

• When you're looking up a name in the pho

ne book;
• When you’re looking up your name in a luc
ky draw result list in the newspaper.
 PREDICTION
 Reading is an active  Good readers develop
process. Meaning does prediction about what
not exist only on the they will read next,
page or in the mind o and then they read to
f the reader. It is c see if their predicti
reated by an active i on will become true o
nteraction between re r not. If not, good r
ader and text eaders will have a ne
w prediction
Active reading: elaboratio
n and rereading.

• When you're reading for your course, you

need to make sure you're actively involved
with the text.
 THE USUAL PLOT
OF A STORY
Beginning
Developments
Crisis/Problems
Solution
 DIGESTION IN MONOGASTRIC MAMMALS

 The small intestine, which comprises the duodenum, the jeju

num and the ileum, is the main absorption site and contains
a series of finger-like projections, the villi, which great
ly increase the surface area available for absorption of nu
trients. Each villus contains an arteriole and venule, toge
ther with a drainage tube of the lymphatic system, a lactea
l. The venules ultimately drain into the hepatic portal sy
stem, and the lacteals into the thoracic lymphatic duct. Th
e luminal side of each villus is covered with projections,
the microvilli, which are often referred to as the brush bo
rder. There are a number of secretions that flow into the a
limentary canal from the liver, the pancreas and the wall o
f the canal, and many of these contain enzymes that bring a
bout the hydrolysis of the various food components. Some of
the proteolytic enzymes present in the secretions are initi
ally in the form of inactive precursors termed zymogens.The
se are activated after secretion into the tract.
 Fishery Technology
• Fishery technology consists of the equipment and practices used for finding, har
vesting, handling, processing and distributing of aquatic resources and their pro
ducts.
• Different fishery technologies will have different effects on the ecosystem, the s
ocial structure of fishing communities, the safety of fishery workers and the eas
e, effectiveness and efficiency of management of the fishery. It is the amount an
d context in which fishery technology is used (e.g. when, where and by whom) t
hat influence whether the objectives of fisheries management are reached, and n
ot the technology. For instance, the current overfishing of many aquatic resourc
es is the product of both the efficiency of the finding and catching technologies
and of the amount used. Similarly, building a fishmeal plant might involuntarily
result in severe changes in the way the fishery is conducted, and in the commun
ity’s social structure.
• Fishery technology is constantly evolving and its efficiency in catching fish will
increase over time. For example, a 4% increase in efficiency per year would cau
se a doubling of the fishing mortality rate in 18 years if the fishing effort remain
ed constant. A precautionary approach to management should take such increas
es into account.
How will you read in these situation
s?
• The TV guide for Friday evening
• An English grammar book
• An article in National Geographic magazine abo
ut the Roman Empire
• A good friend's homepage on the Internet
• The opinion page in your local newspaper
• The weather report in your local newspaper
• A novel
• A poem
• A bus timetable
• A fax at the office
• An advertising email - so called "spam"
• An email or letter from your best friend
• A recipe
• A short story by your favourite author