METHODIST COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

Presentation on
Fault Detection In Transmission Line

Under The Guidance Of Presenting by

Mrs.N.Nireekshan G.Naveen (160716734304)
B.Srikanth (160716734301)
Sabiya Begum (160716734313)
 Introduction

• In power transmission systems, the majority of voltage and current signal

distortions are caused by faults. Faults that occur in power transmission lines can
cause an interruption of power supply. The time required to locate a fault is
drastically reduced, as the system automatically and accurately provides accurate
fault location information. This will ensure a shorter response time for technical
crew to rectify these faults and thus help save transformers from damage and
disasters. A smart GSM based fault detection and location system was used to
adequately and accurately indicate and locate where fault had occurred
 Abstract
The Electric Power System is divided into many different sections. One of
which is the transmission system, where power is transmitted from
generating stations and substations via transmission lines into consumers.
Fault is simply defined as a number of undesirable but unavoidable
incidents can temporarily disturb the stable condition of the power system
that occurs when the insulation of the system fails at any point. There are
mainly two types of fault occurs on transmission line short circuit and
open circuit faults.
A smart GSM based fault detection and location system was
used to adequately and accurately indicate and locate the fault. The
system uses a Ardunio nano, current transformer, short circuit sensor,
open circuit sensor, fire sensor, LCD display, relay and GSM modem.
 Literature survey
• Transmission Line Fault Detection and Classification by DR.R.P
Maheshwari, member of IEEE.
• Wavelet Based Transmission line fault Analysis by N.A
Sundaravardhan, P.Rajaraman and D.Suzith.
• Fault detection, classification and location for transmission lines and
distribution systems by Kunjin chen and Caowei Huang.
 Components

• Regulating Power Supply

• Ardunio nano
• Sensors
• Current Transformer
• Relay
• LCD Display
• Buzzer
• GSM Modem
Block Diagram
RPS

CURRENT
LCD
TRANSFORMER

FIRE AC LOAD
RELAY
SENSOR BULB 1
ARDUINO NANO
AC LOAD
SHORT
BUZZER BULB 2
CIRCUIT

OPEN GSM
CIRCUIT MODEM
 Regulated power supply

The major blocks of power supply are given below

• Transformer
• Rectifier
• Filter
• 7805 voltage regulator
 Transformer

• Transformer is a Static Device.

• In this project step down transformer
is used.
• Step down the voltage from 230V to
9V.
 Rectifier

• Rectifier is circuit which converts the

ac in to dc. We have two types of
rectifier.
• In this project we are using bridge
rectifier because the efficiency of the
bridge rectifier is high compare to all
rectifiers.
 Filters

• The output of rectifier is not pure DC.

It may contain some ripple
components that is pulsating DC. To
eliminate this ripple components
which are present in output we are
using filter.

• Filter is a circuit which is used to

eliminate the ripples present in
rectified output.
Voltage Regulator

• Regulator is defined as it is a device

which will maintain constant output
irrespective of changes in input.
• In this project using 7805 voltage
regulator to maintain constant 5v
output voltage irrespective of changes
in input voltage.
Regulated Power Supply
 Ardunio

• Ardunio is an open source platform

used for building electronics projects.
• Ardunio is a programmable micro
controller.
 Features

• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
• Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
• SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz
Current transformer
• In electrical engineering, a current transformer
(CT) is used for measurement of electric currents.
Current transformers, together with potential
transformers (PT), are known as instrument
transformers.
• When current in a circuit is too high to directly
apply to measuring instruments, a current
transformer produces a reduced current accurately
proportional to the current in the circuit, which
can be conveniently connected to measuring and
recording instruments.
 Voltage Sensor

• In this project the purpose of

voltage sensor is for measuring
the voltage.
• It measures the voltage upto 20V.
 IR SENSOR

• Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a

wavelength longer than that of visible light, starting from the
nominal edge of visible red light at 0.7 micro meters, and
extending conventionally to 300 micro meters.

• These wavelengths correspond to a frequency range of

approximately 430 to 1 THz, and include most of the thermal
radiation emitted by objects near room temperature.

• Microscopically, IR light is typically emitted or absorbed by

molecules when they change their rotational-vibration
movements.
GSM modem
• Global system for mobiles (GSM) is a
globally accepted standard for digital
cellular communication.
• Mobile phone we are also interfacing
GSM modem with our Microcontroller.
• The GSM modem used in the project is
SIM-900 (SIMCOM).
LCD Display

 A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a

thin, flat electronic visual
display that uses the light
modulating properties of liquid
crystals.

 Liquid crystal display is very

important device in embedded
system. It offers high flexibility to
user as he can display the required
data on it.
 BUZZER

• A buzzer or beeper is an audio

signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or
electronic.
• Piezo electric buzzer, it generates
sound because of the piezoelectric
effect.
• Magnetic buzzer is based on the
electromagnetic principle. In this
project we are going to use magnetic
buzzer.
 Relay Unit

• The relay unit is defined as electrical operator switch.

• Relay unit contains a relay driver and some relays.
• Current that passes from coil of relay generates magnetic field that get attracts.
 Advantages

• Protection of transmission line using GPS is extremely accurate.

• Economical.
• Fast response.
• Reliability & availability.
 References

• www.IEEExplorer.com
• www.google.com
• www.electronicshub.com
• www.sci-hub.com
 Conclusion

• Hence by this project we can Monitor the fault and power grids using
GSM based mobile by means of SMS.
• Grid status will not be lost in power failure condition.
Thank you